The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Green, Melanie & Chris H. Reintges (2004). Coptic Second Tenses and Hausa Relative Aspects: a comparative view.
URL: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/melanieg/ZAS.pdf
(Last accessed 2005-02-18).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 1280&langcode=hau (2021-08-15).
Example #1:
b. me¥ ya]ra sukaæ ce¥
what children 3pl.REL-PERF say
`What did the children say?' H
Example #2:
b. su-wa¥ ne (ne¥) sukaæ taæfi Amì®kaæ
3pl-who FM.pl 3pl.REL.PERF go America
`Who went to America?'H
Example #3:
(14) Q: wa¥ kukaæ ganê aæ ka¥suwa
who 2pl.REL.PERF see at market
`WHO did you see at the market?'
Example #4:
A: ya
oænkaæ (ne) mukaæ ganê
boy.of.2m (FM.m) 1pl.REL.PERF see
`It was YOUR BOY we saw' (Jaggar 2001:494) H
Example #5:
(16) Q: kun saæyi ba°a® mo a¥
2pl.PERF buy black.of car
`Did you buy a black car?'
Example #6:
A> a|& a¥ fara® mota¥ (ce) mukaæ saæya ba¥ ba°a ba
no white.of car (FM.f) 1pl.REL.PERF buy NEG black NEG
`No, it was a WHITE CAR we bought not a black one' (Jaggar 2001:495) H
Example #7:
b. kin ga daæ wa¥ daæ wa¥ a æ makaranta¥
2sf.PERF see who.pl at school
`Whom did you see at school?' (Jaggar 2001:522)H
Example #8:
b. suna¥ ìna yaænzu
3pl.IMPERF where now
`Where are they now?' (Jaggar 2001:522)H
Example #9:
(21) a. ?Yusuæf æ ya ce] [CP Auduæ daæ Musa sun saæyi me¥ aæ ka¥suwa º
Yusuf 3ms.PERF say Audu and Musa 3pl.PERF buy what at market
`Yusuf said what Audu and Musa bought at market'
Example #10:
saæyi me¥ aæ ka¥suwa º
buy what at market
?`Yusuf said that it was AUDU AND MUSA who bought WHAT at market?!'
Example #11:
(23) Q: waæneæ kaya kikaæ ma]nta
which things 2fs.REL.PERF forget
`Which things did you forget?'
Example #12:
(24) Q: su-wa¥ sukaæ taæfi Amì®kaæ
3pl-who 3pl.REL.PERF go America
`Who went to America?'
Example #13:
A: *su Audu æ daæ Musa sun taæfi
3pl Audu and Musa 3pl.PERF go
`AUDU AND MUSA went'
Example #14:
(26) Q: ka aika¥ daæ takaæ®da]®
2m.PERF send with paper.DD
`Did you send the paper?'
Example #15:
A: a|& a¥ na aika¥ daæ littafìn ne ba¥ takaæ®da]® ba
no 1s.PERF send with book.DD FM.m NEG paper.DD NEG
`No, I sent THE BOOK, not the paper' (Green and Jaggar in press:197) H
Example #16:
b. aærawoæn wa¥ ya kashe¥ shi
thief.DD.m who 3sm.REL-PERF kill 3sm
`As for the thief, who killed him?' (Newman 2000:621)H