The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Booij,Geert, Emiliano Guevara, Angela Ralli, Salvatore Sgroi & Sergio Scalise (Eds.) (2003). On-line Proceedings of the Fourth Mediterranean Morphology Meeting.
URL: http://morbo.lingue.unibo.it/mmm/mmm-proc/MMM4/MMM4-Proceedings-full.pdf
(Last accessed 2006-02-18).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 2355&langcode=hau (2021-08-15).
Example #1:
(1) a. Na: ka:mà ki:fi:
1.S.CMPL.ABS catch fish
`I caught fish'
Example #2:
b. Na: ka:mà:
1.S.CMPL.ABS catch
`I caught'
Example #3:
c. Na: ka:mà: shi.
1.S.CMPL.ABS catch him
`I caught it'
Example #4:
d. Na: ka:mà: wà Mu:sa: ki:fi:
1.S.CMPL.ABS catch for Musa fish
`I caught fish for Musa'
Example #5:
b. Na: karànta: litta:fìi
1.S.CMPL.ABS read book
`I read the book.'
Example #6:
c. Na: karànta: shi.
1.S.CMPL.ABS read it
`I read it.'
Example #7:
(3) a. Na: sàya:
1.S.CMPL.ABS buy
`I bought.'
Example #8:
(7) a. ya: sa:to:
3.S.M.CMPL.ABS steal
`He stole (it)'
Example #9:
c. ya: sa:to: mo:tà:
3.S.M.CMPL.ABS steal car
`He stole the car'
Example #10:
(8) a. ya: karanto là:ba:rì:
3.S.M.CMPL.ABS read news
`He read the news'
Example #11:
b. sun harbo za:kì:
3.P.CMPL.ABS shot lion
`They shot a lion'
Example #12:
c. mun baro: yâ:ra: à gida:
1.P.CMPL.ABS leave children at house
`We left the children at home'
Example #13:
(9) ya: kira: mùtûm
3.S.M.CMPL.ABS call man
`He called the man'
Example #14:
(10) a. Na: sàya:
1.S.CMPL.ABS buy
`I bought'
Example #15:
b. Na: sàyi àbinci
1.S.CMPL.ABS buy food
`I bought food'
Example #16:
c. sàyi!
buy.IM P
`Buy!'
Example #17:
d. sàyi àbinci!
buy.IMP food
`Buy food!'
Example #18:
(13) a. yanà: karàntâ:wa:
3.S.M.CONT.ABS reading
`he is reading'
Example #19:
b. litta:fìn dà yakè: karàntâ:wa:
book.DEF.M that 3.S.M. CONT.REL reading
`the book he is reading'
Example #20:
b. tanà: kàráansà
3.F.S.CONT.ABS receive.M. POSS.M
`She is receiving it.'
Example #21:
(16) a. ta: karàntà litta:fìn Audù
3.S.F.CMPL.ABS read book.M Audu
`She read Audu's book'
Example #22:
b. ta: karàntà litta:fìnsà
3.S.F.CMPL.ABS read book.M.POSS. M
`She read his book'
Example #23:
c. Audù ne: ta karàntà litta:fìnsà
Audu 3.S.F.CMPL.ABS read book.M.POSS. M
`It's Audu she read a book of'
Example #24:
d. ta: karàntà litta:fì:
3.S.F.CMPL.ABS read book
`She read a book'
Example #25:
(17) Na: ka:mà: wà Mu:sa: ki:fi:
1.S.CMPL.ABS catch for Musa fish
`I caught fish for Musa'
Example #26:
b. wà: ka ji: wà ciwo:
who 2.S.M.CMPL.REL feel IOM injury
`Whom did you injure?'
Example #27:
b. wà: ka ji: wà: ciwo:
who 2.S.M.CMPL.REL feel IOM injury
`Whom did you injure?'
Example #28:
c. ya ji: wà ya:rò: ciwo:
3.S.M.CMPL.REL feel IOM boy injury
`He injured the boy'
Example #29:
(21) a. Ya: shuukà kum a audùga:
he.CMPL.ABS planted also wheat
`He also planted wheat'
Example #30:
b. *Ya: shuukà: kum a audùga:
he.CMPL.ABS planted also wheat
`He also planted wheat'
Example #31:
b. ta: tàmbàyi kùwa mà:târ
3.S.F.CMLP.ABS ask moreover woman
`She asked, moreover, the woman'
Example #32:
a. bài hàrbi gi:wa: ba
3.S.M.CMPL.NEG shoot elephant NEG
`He didn't shoot an elephant'
Example #33:
b. bài hàrbe: tà ba
3.S.M.CMPL.NEG shoot her NEG
`He didn't shoot it'
Example #34:
a. mutà:ne: sun zo: jiyà:
people 3.P.CMPL.ABS come yesterday
`The people came yesterday'
Example #35:
b. mutà:ne: sunà: zuwà:
people 3.P.CONT.ABS coming
`The people are coming'