The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Melanie Green and Chris H. Reintges (2005). Syntactic conditions on special inflection.
URL: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/linguistics/documents/mg-cr_special_inflection.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3292&langcode=hau (2021-08-15).
Example #1:
b. me¥ ya]ra sukaæ ce¥?
what children 3PL.REL-PERF say
`what did the children say?'
Example #2:
b. wa¥¥ za]i shìga rêjìya® naæn?
who FUT.3SG.M enter well DEM
`who will enter this well?' (Newman 2000:584)
Example #3:
b. *muna¥ fa a [ sauwa® mo a¥ ce yaæ saya¥ manaæ ]
1PL.IMPF hope new.of car FM.SG.F 3SG.M.SUBJ buy IO.1PL
`we hope he buys a new car for us' (Tuller 1986a: 70)
Example #4:
b. aælhaæzai ne¥ ya fi kya]u suæ taæfi du seæn À®fa
pilgrims FM.PL 3 SG.M.REL-PF exceed goodness 3PL.SUBJ go mountain.of Arafat
`it is much better for the pilgrims to go to Mount Arafat' (Newman 2001:191)
Example #5:
c. kowaæneæ ya
o¥ yana¥ so] yaæ aæuri Kaænde
every boy 3SG.M.IMPF want 3SG.M.SUBJ marry Kande
`every boy wants to marry Kande' (Green & Jaggar 2003:201 (43a))
Example #6:
(11) a. su-wa¥ne (ne¥) sukaæ saæyi ba°a® mo a¥@
3PL-who FM.PL 3PL.REL.PERF buy black.of car
`who (plural) bought a black car?'H
Example #7:
b. Kaænde ce¥ [waddaæ nake¥ so] ]
Kande FM.SG.F RELPRO.SG.F SG.REL-IMPERF love
`Kande is the one I love'
Example #8:
(16) a. yaæushe ne¥ zuwa¥?
when FM.SG.M 3PL.REL-IMPF come
`when is it they are coming?' H (Jaggar 2001: 518)
Example #9:
(17) a. ta ya¥ya kukaæ sa¥mi wurin shìga? (manner)
by.means.of how 2PL.PERF find way enter
`how did you find a way to get in?' H (Newman 2000: 492)
Example #10:
(28) a. [fafia¥ manaæ gaskiya ] take¥ (yô).
tell IO.1PL truth 3SG.F.REL.IMPF do
`it was telling us the truth she was doing' H (Newman 2000: 193)
Example #11:
(30) a. *su-wa¥ sun saæyi ba°a® mo a¥@
who (PL) 3PL.PERF buy black.of car
`Who (pl) bought a black car?'
Example #12:
(31) a. kin ga daæ wa¥daæ wa¥ aæ makaranta¥ ?
2SG.F.PERF see who.PL at school
`whom did you see at school?'
Example #13:
b. me¥ ya yô ?
what 3SG.M.PERF do
`what did he do?' H (Kraft & Kirk-Greene 1973: 114)
Example #14:
(32) a. suna¥ ìna yaænzu?
3PL.IMPF where now
`Where are they now?H (Jaggar 2001: 522)
Example #15:
b. kuna¥ dà me¥ ?
2SG.M.PERF with what
`what do you have?' (Newman 2000: 494)
Example #16:
(33) a. suna¥ fito]wa daægaæ ìna ?
3PL.IMPF come.out.VN from where
`where are they coming out from? (Newman 2000: 496)
Example #17:
b. ya taæfi yaæushe?
3SG.M go when
`when did he go?' (Newman 2000: 496)
Example #18:
(34) a. ana¥ saya® daæ ita kaæma® nawaæ?
INDEF.IMPF sell with 3SG.F about how.much
`about how much is it sold for?' (Jaggar, to appear: 6)
Example #19:
b. an ba kaæ dala¥ nawaæ?
INDEF.PERF give IO.2SG.M. dollar how.many
`how many dollars did they give you?' (Newman 2000: 496)
Example #20:
c. na gaya¥ makaæ saæu nawaæ?
1SG.PERF tell 2SG.M.IO time how.many
`how many times have I told you?' (Jaggar 2001: 523)
Example #21:
(41) Q: su-wa¥ sukaæ taæfi Amì®kaæ?
3PL-who 3PL.REL.PERF go America
`who went to America?'
Example #22:
A: su Audu æ daæ Musa sukaæ (*sun) taæfi
3PL Audu and Musa 3PL.REL.PERF 3PL.PERF go
`Audu and Musa went' (Adapted from Green & Jaggar (2003: 197, (30))
Example #23:
(42) Q: waæneæ kaya kikaæ ma]nta?
which things 2SG.F REL.PERF forget
`which things did you forget?'
Example #24:
(44) A: ka aika¥ daæ takaæ®da]®?
2SG.M.PERF send with paper.DD
`Did you send the paper?'
Example #25:
(47) Q: ìna zuwa¥?
where go.VN
`where are you going?'
Example #26:
A: za]n taæfi gida ne¥
FUT .1SG go house FM.SG.M
`I'm going home' (Jaggar, to appear: 8)
Example #27:
(48) a. kin ga wa¥ aæ ka¥suwa?
2SG.F.PERF see who at market
`you saw who in the market?' (Jaggar 2001: 523)
Example #28:
b. za kaæ taæfi ìna?
FUT 2SG.M go where
`you're going where?' (Jaggar 2001: 523)
Example #29:
(61) a. waæceæ ya
inya¥ ka ce¥ ta raæsu]?
which(F) girl 2SG.M.REL-PERF say 3SG.F.PERF die
`which girl did you say had died?'
Example #30:
(62) a. aæyukaæri kuæwa, sanyê dai, ya gama¥ daæ itai
goat.DD.F TOP-PCL cold TOP-PCL 3SG.M.PERF finish with 3SG.F
`The goat, well the cold, it finished it off.' (Newman 2000: 617)
Example #31:
b. *Auduæ ne go
a ce¥ za]n nu
a¥ waæ
Audu FM.SG.M farm FM.SG.F FUT.1S G show IOM
`I'll show the farm to Audu' (Adapted from Jaggar 2001: 500)
Example #32:
b. Àli, mun san [ wa¥ za]i aæura ¶ aæure taæ ]
Ali 1PL.PERF know who FUT.3SG.M marry / marry 3SG.F
`As for Ali, we know who (he) will marry (her)' (Tuller 1986: 55 (70)).
Example #33:
b. muta¥ne]n sun tsaya¥ [ ce]wa Kaændei ce¥ suke¥ so] ]
men 3PL.PERF insist COMP Kande FM.SG.F 3PL.REL-IMPERF love
`The men insisted that it is Kande they love.'
Example #34:
c. Auduæ ne fialìbê (ba¥ Baæla ba)
Audu FM.SG.M student.M NEG Bala NEG
`Audu is a student' (not Bala)
Example #35:
(66) a. aærawoæn, wa¥ ya kashe¥ shi
thief.DD.M who 3SG.M.REL-PERF kill 3SG.M
`As for the thief, who killed him?'
Example #36:
(75) a. waæceæ ya
inya¥ ka ce¥ ta raæsu]?
which(F) girl 2SG.M.REL-PERF say 3SG.F.PERF die
`which girl did you say had died?'
Example #37:
(79) a. Auduæ daæ Musa sun so [ suæ saæyi me¥ ]?
Audu and Musa 3PL.PERF want 3PL.SUBJ buy what
`what did Audu and Musa want to buy?'
Example #38:
b. Auduæ daæ Musa sun neæmi [ suæ saæyi me¥ ]?
Audu and Musa 3PL.PERF try 3PL.SUBJ buy what
`what did Audu and Musa try to buy?'
Example #39:
(81) a. *na ce] [me¥ yaæ yô ]
1SG.PERF say what 3SG.M.SUBJ do
`I said what he should do' (Tuller 1986: 69)
Example #40:
b. *muna¥ fa a [ sauwa® mo a¥ ce yaæ saya¥ manaæ ]
1PL.IMPF hope new.of car FM.SG.F 3SG.M.SUBJ buy IO.1PL
`we hope he buys a new car for us' (Tuller 1986a: 70 (94c))
Example #41:
(83) wa¥ ya saæyi me¥
who 3SG.M.REL-PERF buy what
?`who bought WHAT?!' (echo reading of the wh-in situ phrase)
Example #42:
(95) waæcce ce¥ daægaæ cikin-suæ ta mutuæ?
which.one.f FM.f from among-them 2fs.REL.PF die
`Which among them died?' (Newman 2000: 495)