The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
MITSUAKI SHIMOJO (1995). FOCUS STRUCTURE AND MORPHOSYNTAX IN JAPANESE.
URL: http://wings.buffalo.edu/linguistics/people/students/dissertations/shimojo/MitsuDis.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 112&langcode=jpn (2018-04-26).
Example #1:
(1) kinoo wa Hanako ga uchi de Taro to eega o mita yesterday home at with movie OBJ see:PST '(As for) yesterday, Hanako saw a movie with Taro at home.'Example #2:
a. Hanako ga kuruma o katta car OBJ buy:PST 'Hanako bought a car.'Example #3:
a. Hanako ga kuruma o katta no ga odoroki da car OBJ buy:PST NOM surprise COP 'It was surprising that Hanako bought a car.'Example #4:
a. sensee no setsumee de sono bun no imi ga wakatta teacher GEN explanation with that sentence GEN meaning understand:PST '(I) understood the meaning of the sentence with the teacher's explanation.'Example #5:
(5) kono kuruma wa kyonen katta this car last-year buy:PST '(I) bought this car last year.'Example #6:
(7) nihon de wa sushi o tabeta Japan in OBJ eat:PST '(I) ate sushi in Japan.'Example #7:
(8) gakusee no toki ni wa amari tenisu o sinakatta student GEN time at not-very tennis OBJ do:NEG:PST 'When (I) was a student, (I) didn't play tennis very often.'Example #8:
(9) basu de wa daigaku ni konai bus by university to come:NEG:PST '(I) don't come to the university by bus.'Example #9:
(10) sonnani hayaku wa hasirenai that fast run:POT:NEG '(I) cannot run that fast.'Example #10:
(11) denwa o sita toki wa Hanako wa hon o yondeita telephone OBJ do:PST when book OBJ reading:PST 'Hanako was reading a book when I called (her).'Example #11:
(12) tegami o kaiteiru aida wa razio o kiiteita letter OBJ writing while radio OBJ listening:PST '(I) was listening to the radio while writing the letter.'Example #12:
(13) Hanako to iku yori wa Taro to itta hoo ga ii with go than with go:PST way good 'It's better to go with Taro than with Hanako.'Example #13:
(14) Ken wa koko ni kuru to wa itteita here to come CMPL saying:PST 'Ken was saying that he would come here.'Example #14:
(15) baa ni itta kedo osake o nomi wa sinakatta bar to go:PST but alcohol OBJ drink do:NEG:PST '(I) went to a bar, but (I) didn't drink alcohol.'Example #15:
(16) sono mondai wa muzukasiku wa nakatta that problem difficult NEG:PST 'The problem was not difficult (to solve).'Example #16:
(17) Hanako wa sensee de wa nai teacher COP NEG 'Hanako is not a teacher.'Example #17:
(18) Hanako ni tegami o kaite wa mita ga henzi ga nakatta to letter OBJ write see:PST but reply exist:NEG:PST '(I) tried writing a letter to Hanako, but there was no reply.'Example #18:
(19) * akai wa kuruma o katta red car OBJ buy:PST '(I) bought a red car.'Example #19:
(20) * [Hanako ga katta] wa kuruma o mita buy:PST car OBJ see:PST '(I) saw the car which Hanako bought.'Example #20:
(22) * mosi Hanako ga kitara wa denwasimasu if come:COND call 'If Hanako comes, (I) will call (you).'Example #21:
(23) * Taro ga konakatta node wa Hanako ga okotta come:NEG:PST because become-upset 'Because Taro didn't come, Hanako became upset.'Example #22:
(24) * Ken ga denwasitemo wa Hanako wa Ken to eega ni ikanakatta call:CONS with movie to go:NEG:PST 'Although Ken called (her), Hanako didn't go to a movie with Ken.'Example #23:
1. gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta robber I GEN house into enter:PST 'A robber broke into my house.'Example #24:
1. gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta robber I GEN house into enter:PST 'A robber broke into my house.'Example #25:
atarikamawazu uchidasita wildly begin-to-shoot:PST shoot wildly.'Example #26:
(27) kuzira wa honyuu-doobutsu desu whale mammal COP 'Speaking of whales, they are mammals. (A whale is a mammal.)'Example #27:
(28) John wa watakusi no tomodachi desu I GEN friend COP 'Speaking of John, he is my friend.'Example #28:
(29) * ame wa hutteimasu rain falling 'Speaking of rain, it is falling.'Example #29:
(32) John wa sono hon o yonda ga Mary wa yomanakatta that book OBJ read:PST but read:NEG:PST 'John read the book, but Mary didn't.'Example #30:
A: asita siken ga aru kedo mada hon o zenzen yondenai tomorrow exam exist but yet book OBJ at-all read:NEG '(I) have an exam tomorrow, but (I) haven't read the book at all.'Example #31:
B: John wa sono hon o yonda tte the book OBJ read:PST QT '(I've heard) John has read the book.'Example #32:
(34) Ken wa [Hanako ga/*wa okane o nusunda] no o sitteimasu ka money OBJ steal:PST NOM OBJ knowing Q 'Does Ken know that Hanako stole the money?'Example #33:
(35) Ken wa [sono okane o/*wa Hanako ga nusunda] no o sitteimasu ka the money OBJ steal:PST NOM OBJ knowing Q 'Does Ken know that Hanako stole the money (but not something else)?'Example #34:
(36) Ken wa [Hanako ga/*wa mottekita] hon o karimasita bring:PST book OBJ borrow: PST 'Ken borrowed the book which Hanako brought.'Example #35:
(37) [Ken ga/*wa kaettekita toki] Hanako wa neteita return:PST when sleeping:PST 'Hanako was sleeping when Ken returned.'Example #36:
(38) John ga asoko ni tatteiru there at standing 'John is standing over there.'Example #37:
(39) John ga gakusee desu student COP 'John is a student.'Example #38:
A: dare ga gakusee desu ka who student COP Q 'Who is a student?'Example #39:
B: John ga gakusee desu student COP 'John is a student.'Example #40:
A: doo sita no? how did FP 'What's going on?'Example #41:
B: ame ga/*wa hutteru yo rain falling FP 'It's raining.'Example #42:
A: kinoo Ken to Hanako ga paatii ni itta tte yesterday and Party to go:PST QT '(I've heard) Ken and Hanako went to a party yesterday.'Example #43:
B: sitteru Ken wa/?ga sugu kaetta kedo Hanako wa/?ga hitoban ita tte knowing soon return:PST but all-night be:PST QT 'I know. (I've heard) Ken left soon, but Hanako was (there) all night.'Example #44:
A: kinoo John ga uti ni kita yo yesterday house to come:PST FP 'John came to (my) house yesterday.'Example #45:
B: John wa/?ga aruite kita no? walk come:PST FP 'Did John walk (to your house)?'Example #46:
A: John wa dare o mita no? who OBJ see:PST FP 'Who did John see?'Example #47:
B: John ga mita no wa/*ga Ken da see:PST NOM COP 'It was Ken that John saw.'Example #48:
A: John wa dono hito which person 'Which person is John?'Example #49:
B: hon o yondeiru no ga/*wa John desu book OBJ reading NOM COP 'The one who is reading a book is John.'Example #50:
(47) asokoni hito ga nanninka iru kedo, John wa dono hito over-there person some be but which person 'There are some people over there, but which person is John?'Example #51:
A1: kinoo dare ga Hanako to deetosita ka sitteru deshoo? yesterday who with date:PST Q knowing COP:HOR '(You) know who went out with Hanako yesterday, don't you?'Example #52:
B1: siranai. dare? know:NEG who (I) don't know. Who?Example #53:
A2: sitteru deshoo? hora knowing COP:HOR you-know '(You) know (who), don't you? You know.'Example #54:
B2: aa. John ga/*wa Hanako to eega ni itta n deshoo? ah with movie to go:PST NOM COP:HOR 'Right. John went to a movie with Hanako, didn't he?'Example #55:
A1: kinoo dare ga Hanako to deetosita ka sitteru deshoo? yesterday who with date:PST Q knowing COP:HOR '(You) know who went out with Hanako yesterday, don't you?'Example #56:
B1: John deshoo? COP:HOR '(It's) John, isn't it?'Example #57:
A2: soo odoroki yes surprise 'Right. (It's) surprising.'Example #58:
B2: John wa/?ga Hanako to eega ni itta n deshoo? with movie to go:PST NOM COP:HOR 'John went to a movie with Hanako, didn't he?'Example #59:
1. gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta robber I GEN house to enter:PST 'A robber broke into my house.'Example #60:
B: e hontoo sorede doo natta no? oh really then how become:PST FP 'Really? Then what happened?'Example #61:
A1: kinoo gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta n da yo yesterday robber I GEN house to enter: PST NOM COP FP 'A robber broke into my house yesterday.'Example #62:
B: e hontoo sorede doo natta no? oh really then how become:PST FP 'Really? Then what happened?'Example #63:
A1: kinoo gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta n da yo yesterday robber I GEN house to enter: PST NOM COP FP 'A robber broke into my house yesterday.'Example #64:
B: e hontoo sorede nanika sareta no? oh really then something do:PAS: PST FP 'Really? Then did (the guy) do something to you?'Example #65:
B: e hontoo sorede doo natta no? oh really then how become:PST FP 'Really? Then what happened?'Example #66:
A1: kinoo gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta n da yo yesterday robber I GEN house to enter: PST NOM COP FP 'A robber broke into my house yesterday.'Example #67:
B: e hontoo? sorede doo natta no? oh really then how become:PST FP 'Really? Then what happened?'Example #68:
A1: kinoo gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta n da yo yesterday robber I GEN house to enter: PST NOM COP FP 'A robber broke into my house yesterday.'Example #69:
B: e hontoo? sorede nanika sareta no? oh really then something do:PAS:PST FP 'Really? Then did (the guy) do something to you?'Example #70:
A: gootoo ga boku no ie ni haitta robber I GEN house to enter:PST 'A robber broke into my house.'Example #71:
1. John to Mary to Bill ga tazunete kimasita and and visit come:PST 'John, Mary, and Bill called on me.'Example #72:
2. John ga/wa kudamono o kuremasita. fruits OBJ give:PST 'John gave (me) fruits.'Example #73:
3. Mary ga/wa okasi o kuremasita. cookies OBJ give:PST 'Mary gave me cookies.'Example #74:
4. Bill *ga/wa hon o motte kite kuremasita book OBJ bring come give:PST 'Bill brought me a book.'Example #75:
A: Sally ga amerikazin de Ken ga igirisuzin na no? American and British NOM FP 'Is Sally American and Ken British?'Example #76:
B: ie Sally ga igirisuzin de Ken ga amerikazin desu no British and American COP 'No, Sally is British and Ken is American.'Example #77:
B': ie Sally ga igirisuzin de Ken wa amerikazin desu no British and American COP 'No, Sally is British and Ken is American.'Example #78:
A1: kinoo steeki to sarada o tabeta kedo, ano resutoran wa yokunakatta yesterday steak and salad OBJ eat:PST but that restaurant good:NEG:PST 'I ate steak and salad yesterday, but that restaurant wasn't good.Example #79:
B: doosite why 'Why?'Example #80:
A2: steeki wa/*ga oisikatta kedo, sarada ga/?wa mazukatta steak tasty but salad taste-bad:PST 'The steak was good, but the salad was bad.'Example #81:
A1: kinoo steeki to sarada o tabeta kedo, ano resutoran wa yokunakatta yesterday steak and salad OBJ eat:PST but that restaurant good:NEG:PST 'I ate steak and salad yesterday, but that restaurant wasn't good.Example #82:
B: soo so 'Is that so?'Example #83:
A2: steeki wa/*ga oisikatta kedo, sarada ga/wa mazukatta steak tasty:PST but salad taste-bad:PST 'The steak was good, but the salad was bad.'Example #84:
(66) dare *wa/ga kita no? who come:PST FP 'Who came?'Example #85:
(67) dare wa kite, dare wa konakatta no? who come who come:NEG:PST FP 'Who came and who didn't come?'Example #86:
hutari sika konakatta two only come:NEG:PST 'Ken, Hanako, and Taro were going to come yesterday, but only two came.'Example #87:
B: dare wa kite, dare wa konakatta no? who come who come:NEG:PST FP 'Who came, and who didn't?'Example #88:
A: Taro to Hanako to dareka ga saakasu ni itta and and someone circus to go:PST 'Taro and Hanako and someone went to the circus.'Example #89:
hutari sika konakatta two only come:NEG:PST 'Ken, Hanako, and Taro were going to come yesterday, but only two came.'Example #90:
B: *dare wa kita no? who come:PST FP 'Who came?'Example #91:
hutari sika konakatta two only come:NEG:PST 'Ken, Hanako, and Taro were going to come yesterday, but only two came.'Example #92:
B: Ken wa kita no? come:PST FP 'Did Ken come?'Example #93:
hutari sika konakatta two only come:NEG:PST 'Ken, Hanako, and Taro were going to come yesterday, but only two came.'Example #94:
B: dare ga/wa kite, dare ga/wa konakatta no? who come who come:NEG:PST FP 'Who came, and who didn't?'Example #95:
(76) Taro wa uchi e kita kedo, Hanako wa konakatta house to come:PST but, come:NEG: PST 'Taro came to (my) house, but Hanako didn't come.'Example #96:
(77) Taro wa uchi e kita house to come: PST 'Taro came to (my) house.'Example #97:
1. kyonen Boston ni itta last-year to go:PST '(I) went to Boston last year.'Example #98:
2. Boston wa totemo samukatta very cold:PST 'It was very cold in Boston.'Example #99:
1. kyonen Boston to Chicago ni itta last-year and to go:PST '(I) went to Boston and Chicago last year.'Example #100:
2. Boston wa totemo samukatta very cold:PST 'It was very cold in Boston.'Example #101:
1. kyonen Boston ni itta last-year to go:PST '(I) went to Boston last year.'Example #102:
2. hurui ie o takusan mita old house OBJ many see:PST '(I) saw many old houses.'Example #103:
3. sorekara Chicago ni itta then to go:PST 'Then (I) went to Chicago.'Example #104:
4. Chicago wa totemo samukatta very cold:PST 'It was very cold in Chicago.'Example #105:
[oshokuzi mo kimatteru wake deshoo] meals also being-arranged reason COP 'Therefore, (they) chose all the hotels and arranged the meals too.'Example #106:
dokkade monosugoi chikara ga detekichau somewhere marvelous power come-out are shown somewhere (in his movie).'Example #107:
warito [tochuu de deru] hito iru n desu nee quite-a-few middle in leave people exist NOM COP FP theater) in the middle of a movie.'Example #108:
zutto damatte bukimina shunkan desita all-through quiet weird moment COP:PST weird moment.'Example #109:
(6) atakusi wa zutto anaunsaaruumu de taiki o site imasita yo I continuously announcer-room in stand-by OBJ do be:PST FP 'I was continuously standing by in the announcer room.'Example #110:
moo hooboo kizudarakena n desu tte already everywhere full-of-scratch NOM COP QT '(I heard you) got a new spitz, and there are scratches everywhere.'Example #111:
(8) Joan ga gitaa o hiite Hiro ga utau guitar OBJ play sing 'Joan will play the guitar, and Hiro will sing.'Example #112:
A1: de otoosama wa hantainasaranakatta no sono zyoyuu ni naru toki and father oppose:HON:NEG:PST FP that actress RE become time 'Wasn't your father opposed to your becoming an actress?'Example #113:
B1: ee monosugoku hantaisimasita nee yeah terribly oppose:PST FP 'Yes, (he) opposed terribly.'Example #114:
B2: demo yoku wakarimasu yo sore wa but well understand FP it 'But (I) can understand it well.'Example #115:
A2: naruhodo nee I-see FP 'I see.'Example #116:
B3: ee yeah 'Yeah'Example #117:
A3: de zyoyuu ni onarininatte kara then actress RE become:HON since 'Then, since (you) became an actress,'Example #118:
1. nanimo nai to kiite wa ita nde anything exist:NEG QT hear be because 'Because I heard that there is nothing (available).'Example #119:
2. raamen toka raamenpotto toka mottette noodle and noodle-pan etc. bring '(I) brought noodles, pans, etc.'Example #120:
3. heya de wa tsukuru n desu kedo room in cook NOM COP but '(I) cooked (noodles) in the room, but'Example #121:
4. omizu ga nai n desu ne water exist:NEG NOM COP FP 'There is no water.'Example #122:
1. sensee ippai imasita prof. many exist:PST 'There were many professors.'Example #123:
2. ii sensee imasita good prof. exist:PST 'There were good professors.'Example #124:
3. T nante hito ga sensee yattemasita such-as person prof. doing:PST 'There were professors such as Mr. T.'Example #125:
(12) Taro wa nihonzin no gakusee desu Japanese GEN student COP 'Taro is a student from Japan.'Example #126:
A: sugoi chicchai shasin na no ne kore very small photograph COP NOM FP this 'This is a very small photograph.'Example #127:
B1: iya okkii no mo aru n desu no big NOM too exist NOM COP 'No, there is a big one too.'Example #128:
B2: kore wa watasi ga tsuneni keetaisiteiru shasin this I always carrying photograph 'This is the photograph which I carry (with me) all the time.'Example #129:
1. S-san no osibai taitee ichizikan zengo nan desu yone GEN show usually 1-hour about NOM COP FP 'Mr. S's show is usually about one-hour long.'Example #130:
2. doosite ka to omou to why Q QT think if 'If (I) think why'Example #131:
3. yappari yakusha no nikutai ga sore sika zizokudekinai to omou n desu as-expected actor GEN body that only last:POT:NEG QT think NOM COP '(I) think that the actors can continue (the show) for only that long.'Example #132:
4. uun kitsui kara ne um tough because FP 'Because (it's) hard.'Example #133:
5. sorede yappari S-san ga ichizikan kurai de matometerassharu n dakedomo so as-expected 1-hour about in make:HON NOM but 'So, Mr. S makes (his show) about one-hour long (as you know), but...'Example #134:
2. S-san yatteru aida dake demo sooyuu huu ni yatte miyoo to omotte Mr. S doing duration only at-least that-kind way in do try:HOR QT think that I'd try doing that at least for the duration of Mr. S's play.'Example #135:
kanji ga nasatta n desu tte feeling do:HON NOM COP QT what your father was saying.'Example #136:
1. minasama konnichiwa everyone hello 'Hello, everyone.'Example #137:
2. kyoo no okyakusama wa eegahyooronka deirasshaimasu today GEN guest movie-reviewer COP:HON 'Today's guest is a movie reviewer.'Example #138:
1. tatoeba dantairyokoo dakara sanzyuunin gurai no for-example group-tour because 30-people about GEN 'For example, because it was a group tour of about 30 people'Example #139:
2. zenbu ano hoteru wa kimatteru si all um hotel being-chosen and '(they) chose the hotel (for us) and...'Example #140:
2. naze ka otoko no daigaku wa yonde moraenai why Q man GEN college invite receive:NEG 'I've never been invited to a men's university for some reason.'Example #141:
1. demo wakai hito to isshoni yareta to yuu koto mo ne but young people with together do:POT:PST QT say NOM also FP 'But the fact that (I) could do with the young people (in the company) also'Example #142:
katamarigachi desu yone likely-to-group-together COP FP 'As (we) become older, the old people tend to stick to each other.'Example #143:
(25) demo hontoni saigo wa awaredatta n desu ga but really last pitiful:PST NOM COP but 'But it was really pitiful at the end.'Example #144:
1. sooyuu atasi ga hizyooni koo pipitto wakaru taipu de wa nakatta node such I very this-way quickly catch type COP NEG:PST because 'Because I was not the type of person who catches things quickly'Example #145:
2. taihenni kurooitasimasite really have-a-hard-time:HON '(I) had a hard time (becoming a good assistant).'Example #146:
1. nani ka mono ga nai tte kiite wa ita n desu kedo what Q thing exist:NEG QT hear be:PST NOM COP but '(At least) I was hearing that there isn't anything (there), but'Example #147:
2. hontoni mono ga nakute really thing exist:NEG 'there was really nothing (there).'Example #148:
a. Taro ga Hanako ni sono hon o yatta DAT that book OBJ give:PST 'Taro gave that book to Hanako.'Example #149:
a. Taro ga [Hanako ga toshokan de Ken kara moratta] hon o yonda library in from receive:PST book OBJ read:PST 'Taro read the book which Hanako received from Ken in the library.'Example #150:
a. Hanako ga toshokan de Ken ni ageta yo hon o library in DAT give:PST FP book OBJ 'Hanako gave a book to Ken in the library.'Example #151:
(4) uchi ni kaetta yo Hanako wa home to return: PST FP 'Hanako went home.'Example #152:
(5) France ni iku yo ryokoo wa to go FP trip 'As for the trip, (I) will go to France.'Example #153:
(6) Hanako ga hon o yonda yo Ken no book OBJ read:PST FP GEN 'Hanako read Ken's book.'Example #154:
(7) kinoo tsuini eega o mita yo ano yesterday finally movie OBJ see:PST FP that '(I) finally saw that movie.'Example #155:
(8) Hanako ga kuruma o katta yo sugoku ookii car OBJ buy:PST FP very big 'Hanako bought a very big car.'Example #156:
(9) nan no terebi miteru no ima what GEN TV watching FP now 'What TV program are you watching now?'Example #157:
(11) kinoo daigaku ni kita yo kuruma de yesterday university to come:PST FP car by '(I) came to the university by car.'Example #158:
(13) Ken wa terebi o miteta yo Hanako ga kita toki TV OBJ watching FP come:PST when 'When Hanako came, Ken was watching TV.'Example #159:
(14) Hanako wa itteta yo asita Ken to hanasu tte saying:PST FP tomorrow with talk QT 'Hanako was saying that (she) will talk with Ken tomorrow.'Example #160:
(15) uwasa kiita yo Hanako ga kekkonsuru tteyuu rumor hear:PST FP marry QT '(I) heard the rumor that Hanako will get married.'Example #161:
(16) Ken ga shasin o miseteta yo nihon de totta photograph OBJ showing FP Japan in take:PST 'Ken was showing the photograph which he took in Japan.'Example #162:
a. kinoo okane o moratta yesterday money OBJ receive:PST '(I) received the money yesterday.'Example #163:
(20)?* ano hon o [S John ga [NP [S ___ katta hito]] o sagasiteiru rasii] that book OBJ buy:PST person OBJ looking-for seem 'It seems that John is looking for the person who bought that book.'Example #164:
a. * [S1 Ken ga ___ hataraite]-te, [S2 okusan ga uti ni iru no yo] kaisha de work and wife home in be NOM FP office in 'Ken works in the office and (his) wife stays home.'Example #165:
[S2 Jiro-chan wa uchi ni ita no] soto de home at be:PST FP outside at 'Taro was playing outside, but Jiro was at home.'Example #166:
A: anmari itta koto nai no buffet style much go:PST NOM NEG FP 'Haven't you been to buffet style much?'Example #167:
A: kinoo no kaigi wa dare ga kimasita ka yesterday GEN meeting who come:PST Q 'Who came to yesterday's meeting?'Example #168:
B: Ken ga kimasita yo come:PST FP 'Ken came.'Example #169:
A: Ken osoi nee late FP 'Ken is late.'Example #170:
B: a Ken ga kimasita yo ah come:PST FP 'Ah, there Ken comes.'Example #171:
a. Ken ga kimasita yo come:PST FP 'Ken has come.'Example #172:
A: doo sita no? how did FP 'What's the matter?'Example #173:
B: ame ga hutteru yo rain falling FP 'It's raining.'Example #174:
A: Ken osoi nee late FP 'Ken is late.'Example #175:
B: kimasita yo Ken ga come:PST FP 'Ken has come. (There Ken comes.)'Example #176:
A: doo sita no? how do:PST FP 'What's the matter?'Example #177:
B: ? kimasita yo Ken ga come:PST FP 'Ken came.'Example #178:
A: kinoo dare ga kimasita ka yesterday who come:PST Q 'Who came yesterday?'Example #179:
B: # kimasita yo Ken ga come:PST FP 'Ken came.'Example #180:
A1: kyoo Ken ga kuru tte today come QT '(I heard) Ken will come today.'Example #181:
B1: a soo oh so 'Is that so?'Example #182:
B2: a Ken ga kita yo ah come:PST FP 'Ah, Ken has come. (There Ken comes.)'Example #183:
A: doo sita no? how do:PST FP 'What's the matter?'Example #184:
B: kita {no/?yo/?ne/?na} Ken ga come:PST FP 'Ken came.'Example #185:
A: doo sita no? how do:PST FP 'What's the matter?'Example #186:
B: kita n desu Ken ga come:PST NOM COP '(It's that) Ken came.'Example #187:
A: kinoo dare ga kita no? yesterday who come:PST FP 'Who came yesterday?'Example #188:
B: kita {#no/#yo/#ne/#na/ #n desu} Ken ga come:PST FP NOM COP 'Ken came.'Example #189:
A1: kyoo Ken ga kuru tte today come QT '(I heard) Ken will come today.'Example #190:
B1: a soo oh so 'Is that so?'Example #191:
B2: a kita yo {Ken ga / } ah come:PST FP 'Ah, Ken has come. (There Ken comes.)'Example #192:
A: doo sita no? how do:PST FP 'What's the matter?'Example #193:
B: kita no {Ken ga / #} come:PST FP 'Ken came.'Example #194:
1. kinoo Hanako to Ken to Taro ga uchi ni kita yo yesterday and and home to come:PST FP 'Hanako, Ken, and Taro came to my house yesterday.'Example #195:
2. sorede hon o takusan mottekita yo Ken to Taro ga and book OBJ many bring:PST FP 'And Ken and Taro brought many books.'Example #196:
A1: migigawa ga okaasama ne right-side mother FP '(The one) on the right side is your mother.'Example #197:
A2: sorede T-san de then and 'Then, (next one is) Mr. T.'Example #198:
A3: anata wa dokoni irassharu n desu you where be:HON NOM COP 'Where are you?'Example #199:
atasi ichiban hidari ni koo kidotte hitori imasu kedo sita no hoo ni I first left in this-way pose alone be but bottom GEN area at 'I am at the bottom by myself, posing at the left-most (position).'Example #200:
1. hotondo ima made mitakotomonai yoona hitotachi ga ne yattekimasita almost now until have-never-seen like people FP come:PST 'There came people whom I had never seen before.'Example #201:
2. sono hitotachi ga M toka S toka T toka ne sooyuu hitotachi desu that people and and and FP such people COP 'Those were people such as M, S, and T.'Example #202:
3. sooyuu hitotachi ga ne kaita n desu saku o ne such people FP write:PST NOM COP story OBJ FP 'Those people wrote stories.'Example #203:
1. nihonzin no atasitachi nisitemireba tottemo fuziyuuna koto ga ookute ne Japanese GEN we for very inconvenient thing many FP 'There were many inconvenient things for us Japanese.'Example #204:
2. tatoeba dantairyokoo da kara sanzyuunin kurai no for-example group-tour COP because 30-people about GEN 'For example, because (it was) a group tour of about 30 people.'Example #205:
1. ano sibai wa tochuu de kaettekuru toki arimasu kedo uh play middle in come-back time be but '(I) sometimes leave in the middle of a play.'Example #206:
donnani tsumaranai to omottemo however boring QT think '(I) have never left in the middle of a movie no matter how boring (I) think itExample #207:
A1: nihon mo mono ga nakatta n desu ne Japan also thing exist:PST NOM COP FP 'There was lack of materials in Japan too.'Example #208:
A2: zyoorikuyooshuutee desu ka tsukutteta boat-for-landing COP Q making:PST '(The things called) landing boats? (You were) making (them).'Example #209:
ano Sapporo koogai no beniyaitakoozyoo datte that suburb GEN plywood-factory COP (I) was in the plywood factory in the suburb of Sapporo.'Example #210:
B2: zyoorikuyooshuutee no yoosuruni ano ita nan desu yo ne beniyaita ga boat-for-landing GEN in-short that board NOM COP FP FP plywood 'That plywood was the board for the landing boats.'Example #211:
A: kinoo Ken to Hanako ga sensee no uchi ni itta tte yesterday and teacher GEN home to go:PST QT '(I heard) Ken and Hanako went to the professor's house.'Example #212:
B: soo Ken wa nihon no uta o utatta n da yo sensee no uchi de right Japan GEN song OBJ sing:PST NOM COP FP teacher GEN home at '(That's) right, Ken sang a Japanese song at the professor's house.'Example #213:
a. kare wa/#ga sinda he die:PST 'He died.'Example #214:
b watasi wa/#ga tegami o kaita I letter OBJ write:PST 'I wrote the/a letter.'Example #215:
b WATASI GA/#wa tegami o kaita I letter OBJ write:PST 'I wrote the letter / It was I who wrote the letter.'Example #216:
a. kare wa sinda (Topic) he die:PST 'He died.'Example #217:
b KARE WA sinda (Contrast: Narrow Focus) he die:PST 'HE died (but someone else survived).'Example #218:
a. Hiro ga/#wa kuru node shokuzi o yooi sita come because meal OBJ preparation do: PST 'Because Hiro will come, (I) prepared a meal.'Example #219:
b HIRO WA/#ga kuru node shokuzi o yooi sita come because meal OBJ preparation do:PST '(Although the others won't come,) Hiro will come, so (I) prepared a meal.'Example #220:
a. dare ga/#wa kimasu ka who come Q 'Who will come?'Example #221:
b DARE WA/#ga kimasu ka come Q '(I know that some won't come, but) who will come?'Example #222:
(12) ZYOON GA atama ga ii head good 'JOAN (and only Joan in the current universe of discourse) is smart.'Example #223:
(13) zyoon wa akarui (Topic NP-wa) cheerful 'Joan is cheerful.'Example #224:
(14) ZYOON WA kita (Contrastive NP-wa) come:PST 'JOAN came (but someone else didn't).'Example #225:
B: ikimasendesita go:NEG:PST '(No, he) didn't go.'Example #226:
A: Ken wa kaigi ni ikimasita kedo Taro wa ikimasita ka meeting to go:PST but go:PST Q 'Ken went to the meeting, but did Taro go?'Example #227:
B: ikimasendesita go:NEG:PST '(No, he) didn't go.'Example #228:
A: Taro wa eego wa hanasimasu ka speak Q 'Does Taro speak English?'Example #229:
B: hanasimasen speak:NEG:PST '(No, he) doesn't speak.'Example #230:
B': # Hanako ga/wa hanasimasu speak '(No,) Hanako speaks.'Example #231:
(18) kinoo wa atama ga itakatta yesterday head pain:PST '(I) had a headache yesterday.'Example #232:
B: agenakatta give:NEG:PST '(Taro) didn't give.'Example #233:
A: Tokyo de wa sushi o tabeta no? in OBJ eat:PST Q '(Did you) eat sushi in Tokyo?'Example #234:
B: tabenakatta eat:NEG:PST '(I) didn't eat.'Example #235:
B': # Osaka de tabeta in eat:PST '(I) ate (sushi) in Osaka.'Example #236:
A: Ken ga nihon ni iku koto wa sitteta no? Japan to go NOM knowing:PST FP 'Did (you) know that Ken was going to Japan?'Example #237:
B: siranakatta know:NEG:PST '(I) didn't know.'Example #238:
(22) * dare wa kaigi ni ikimasita ka who meeting to go:PST Q 'Who went to the meeting?'Example #239:
(23) * Taro wa nani wa kaimasita ka what buy:PST Q 'What does Taro buy?'Example #240:
(24) * Taro wa dare ni wa sono hon o ageta no? who DAT that book OBJ give:PST Q 'Who did Taro give the book to?'Example #241:
(25) * doko de wa sushi o tabeta no? where in OBJ eat:PST Q 'Where did (you) eat sushi?'Example #242:
hutari sika konakatta two only come:NEG:PST 'Ken, Hanako, and Taro were going to come yesterday, but only two came.'Example #243:
B: dare ga/wa kite, dare ga/wa konakatta no? who come who come:NEG:PST FP 'Who came, and who didn't?'Example #244:
(27) Ken wa [dare ga nihon ni iku koto] o sitteta no? who Japan to go NOM OBJ knowing FP 'Who did Ken know that ___ was going to Japan?'Example #245:
(28) Ken wa [dare ga katta] kuruma o untensita no? who buy:PST car OBJ drive:PST FP 'Who did Ken drive a car which ___ bought?'Example #246:
(29) Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda toiu] uwasa o sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT rumor OBJ believe FP 'Who does Ken believe a rumor that ___ stole the money?'Example #247:
A: sonnani hayaku wa Toronto ni tsukenai n deshoo? that fast in arrive:POT:NEG NOM COP:TNT '(You) cannot arrive in Toronto that fast, can you?'Example #248:
B: tsukemasu arrive:POT '(You) can arrive.'Example #249:
B': # Toronto ni tsukemasu in arrive:POT '(You) can arrive in Toronto.'Example #250:
A: Ken wa kyonen sensee de wa nakatta n deshoo? last-year teacher COP NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT 'Ken was not a teacher last year, was he?'Example #251:
B: gakusee desita student COP:PST '(He) was a student.'Example #252:
A: baa ni itta kedo biiru o nomi wa sinakatta n deshoo? bar to go:PST but beer OBJ drink do:NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT '(You) went to a bar, but (you) didn't drink beer, did you?'Example #253:
B: nonda yo drink:PST FP '(I) drank.'Example #254:
A: Hanako ni denwasite wa mita n deshoo? to call see:PST NOM COP:TNT '(You) tried calling Hanako, didn't you?'Example #255:
B: sita yo do:PST FP '(I) did.'Example #256:
A: sono mondai wa Hanako ni muzukasiku wa nakatta n deshoo? the question for difficult NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT 'The question wasn't difficult for Hanako, was it?'Example #257:
B: kantandatta yo easy:PST FP '(It) was easy.'Example #258:
a. Taro wa kaigi ni ikimasita ka meeting to go:PST Q 'Did Taro go to the meeting'Example #259:
a. sono hon wa tomodachi kara moraimasita that book friend from receive:PST '(I) received the book from a friend.'Example #260:
a. Tokyo de wa sushi o tabemasita in OBJ eat:PST '(I) ate sushi in Tokyo.'Example #261:
a. Hanako wa [Ken ga nihon ni iku koto] wa tomodachi kara kiite sitteita Japan to go NOM friend from hear knowing:PST 'Hanako knew that Ken is going to Japan since (she) heard (it) from a friend.'Example #262:
a. sonnani hayaku wa Toronto ni tsukenai that fast in arrive:POT: NEG '(You) cannot arrive in Toronto that fast.'Example #263:
a. kono hikooki de sonnani takaku wa tobenai this airplane by that high fly:POT:NEG '(You) cannot fly that high by this airplane.'Example #264:
a. Ken wa kyonen sensee de wa nakatta n deshoo? last-year teacher COP NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT 'Ken was not a teacher last year, was he?'Example #265:
a. baa ni itta kedo biiru o nomi wa sinakatta n deshoo? bar to go:PST but beer OBJ drink do:NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT '(You) went to a bar, but (you) didn't drink beer, did you?'Example #266:
a. sono mondai wa Hanako ni muzukasiku wa nakatta n deshoo? the question for difficult NEG:PST NOM COP:TNT 'The question wasn't difficult for Hanako, was it?'Example #267:
kekkyoku hutari sika konakatta tte after-all two-people only come:NEG:PST QT house, but (I heard) only two people came after all.'Example #268:
B: hontoo? sono paatii ni dare wa kite dare wa konakatta no? really that party to who come who come:NEG:PST FP 'Really? Who came and who didn't come to the party?'Example #269:
A: Sally ga amerikazin de Ken ga igirisuzin na no? American and British NOM FP 'Is Sally American and Ken British?'Example #270:
B: ie Sally ga igirisuzin de Ken ga amerikazin desu no British and American COP 'No, Sally is British and Ken is American.'Example #271:
Ken wa [dare ga nihon ni iku koto] o sitteta no? who Japan to go NOM OBJ knowing FP 'Who did Ken know that ___ was going to Japan?'Example #272:
Ken wa [dare ga katta] kuruma o untensita no? who buy:PST car OBJ drive:PST FP 'Who did Ken drive a car which ___ bought?'Example #273:
Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda toiu] uwasa o sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT rumor OBJ believe FP 'Who does Ken believe a rumor that ___ stole the money?'Example #274:
Hanako wa [dare ga kita toki] neteita no? who come:PST when sleeping:PST FP 'Who was Hanako sleeping when ___ came?'Example #275:
A: dono kyoozyu ga suisensiteiru hito ga saiyoosare soo desu ka which prof. recommending person employ:PAS likely COP Q '(lit.) A person that which professor is recommending is likely to be employed?'Example #276:
B: Suzuki kyoozyu ga suisensiteiru hito desu prof. recommending person COP '(It) is the person that Prof. Suzuki is recommending.'Example #277:
A: nani too o sizisuru hito ga ichiban ooi desu ka which political-party OBJ support people most many COP Q '(lit.) People who support which political party are most numerous?'Example #278:
B: zimintoo o sizisiteiru hito desu L-D Party OBJ supporting people COP '(It) is the people who support the Liberal-Democratic Party.'Example #279:
A: dono koohosha o sizisuru gakusee ga ooi desu ka which candidate OBJ support student many COP Q '(lit.) Students who support which candidate are numerous?'Example #280:
B: Jeff Chang o sizisuru gakusee desu OBJ support students COP (It) is the students who support Jeff Chang.'Example #281:
A: dono chookyoosi ga kunrensita inu ga yuushoosimasita ka which trainer train:PST dog win:PST Q '(lit.) A dog that which trainer trained won?'Example #282:
B: Suzuki chookyoosi desu trainer COP '(It) is Trainer Suzuki.'Example #283:
A: Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda toiu] uwasa o sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT rumor OBJ believe FP 'Who does Ken believe the rumor that ___ stole the money?'Example #284:
B: # Taro da yo COP FP '(It) is Taro.'Example #285:
A: [kaigairyokoo de nani o nusumareta toiu] todoke ga ichiban ooi desu ka overseas-trip on what OBJ steal:PAS:PST QT report most many COP Q '(lit.) Reports that what was stolen on the overseas trip are most numerous?'Example #286:
B: saihu desu wallet COP '(It) is wallet.'Example #287:
A: Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda tte] sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT believe FP '(lit.) Does Ken believe that who stole the money?'Example #288:
B: Taro da yo COP FP '(It) is Taro.'Example #289:
A: dono kyoozyu ga suisensiteiru hito ga saiyoosare soo desu ka which prof. recommending person employ:PAS likely COP Q '(lit.) A person that which professor is recommending is likely to be employed?'Example #290:
B: # Suzuki kyoozyu ga suisensiteiru prof. recommending '(It is the person that) Prof. Suzuki is recommending.'Example #291:
A: Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda toiu] uwasa o sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT rumor OBJ believe FP 'Who does Ken believe the rumor that ___ stole the money?'Example #292:
B: # Taro ga nusunda toiu steal:PST QT '(It is the rumor that) Taro stole.'Example #293:
A: Ken wa [dare ga okane o nusunda tte] sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT believe FP '(lit.) Does Ken believe that who stole the money?'Example #294:
B: Taro ga nusunda tte steal:PST QT '(Ken believes that) Taro stole.'Example #295:
a. Hanako ga [Ken ga katta] hon o karita no? buy:PST book OBJ borrow:PST FP 'Did Hanako borrowed the book which Ken bought?'Example #296:
a. Ken ga [Taro ga okane o nusunda toiu] uwasa o sinziteru no? money OBJ steal:PST QT rumor OBJ believe FP 'Does Ken believe the rumor that Taro stole the money?'Example #297:
a. Ken ga [dare ga okane o nusunda tte] sinziteru no? who money OBJ steal:PST QT believe FP '(lit.) Does Ken believe that who stole the money?'Example #298:
A: Ken wa [dare ga iku nara] konsaato ni iku no? who go if concert to go QT '(lit.) Will Ken go to the concert if who goes (to the concert)?'Example #299:
B': [Hanako ga iku nara] iku tte go if go QT '(I heard) if Hanako goes, (Ken) will go.'Example #300:
A: Ken wa [dare ga ike ba] konsaato ni iku no? who go if concert to go QT '(lit.) Will Ken go to the concert if who goes (to the concert)?'Example #301:
B': [Hanako ga ike ba] iku tte go if go QT '(I heard) if Hanako goes, (Ken) will go.'Example #302:
A: Ken wa [dare ga i ttara] konsaato ni iku no? who go if concert to go QT '(lit.) Will Ken go to the concert if who goes (to the concert)?'Example #303:
B': [Hanako ga i ttara] iku tte go if go QT '(I heard) if Hanako goes, (Ken) will go.'Example #304:
A: Ken wa [dare ga kuru to] isshoni terebi o miru no? who come if together TV OBJ watch FP '(lit.) Does Ken watch TV together if who comes?'Example #305:
B': [Hanako ga kuru to] miru come if watch 'If Hanako comes, (Ken) watches (TV together).'Example #306:
A: Ken wa [dare ga iku kara/node] konsaato ni iku no? who go because concert to go QT '(lit.) Will Ken go to the concert because who goes (to the concert)?'Example #307:
B': [Hanako ga iku kara/node] iku tte go because go QT '(I heard) because Hanako goes, (Ken) will go.'Example #308:
A: Hanako wa [Ken ga kuru nara] konsaato ni ikanai tte? come if concert to go:NEG QT 'Is Hanako not going to the concert if Ken comes?'Example #309:
B: ? iya Taro ga kuru nara no come if 'No, if Taro comes, (Hanako is not going to the concert).'Example #310:
A: Hanako wa [Ken ga kure ba] konsaato ni ikanai tte? come if concert to go:NEG QT 'Is Hanako not going to the concert if Ken comes?'Example #311:
B: ? iya Taro ga kure ba no come if 'No, if Taro comes, (Hanako is not going to the concert).'Example #312:
A: Hanako wa [Ken ga ki tara] konsaato ni ikanai tte? come if concert to go:NEG QT 'Is Hanako not going to the concert if Ken comes?'Example #313:
B: ? iya Taro ga ki tara no come if 'No, if Taro comes, (Hanako is not going to the concert).'Example #314:
A: Hanako wa [Ken ga kuru to] isshoni terebi o miru tte? come if together TV OBJ watch QT 'Does Hanako watch TV together if Ken comes?'Example #315:
B: ? iya Taro ga kuru to no come if 'No, if Taro comes, (Hanako watches TV together).'Example #316:
A: Hanako wa [Ken ga kuru kara/node] konsaato ni ikanai tte? come because concert to go:NEG QT 'Is Hanako not going to the concert because Ken will come?'Example #317:
B: iya Taro ga kuru kara/node no come because 'No, (Hanako is not going to the concert) because Taro will come.'Example #318:
a. Ken ga Hanako ni sono hon o ageta DAT that book OBJ give:PST 'Ken gave the book to Hanako.'Example #319:
a. Ken wa Hanako ni sono hon o ageta DAT that book OBJ give:PST 'Ken gave the book to Hanako.'Example #320:
a. sono hon wa Ken ga Hanako ni ageta that book DAT give:PST 'Ken gave the book to Hanako.'Example #321:
Ken wa/ga [Hanako ga okane o Taro ni kasita node] money OBJ DAT lend:PST because 'Ken was surprised because Hanako lent money to Taro.'Example #322:
a. kyoo wa [toshokan de hon o yonde] [hayaku uchi ni kaerinasai yo] today library in book OBJ read early home to return:IMP FP 'Today, read books in the library and go home early.'Example #323:
a. kinoo wa [daigaku de kaigi ga arimasita] ga [ikimasita ka] yesterday university at meeting exist:PST CONJ go:PST Q 'Yesterday, there was a meeting at the university, and did you go (there)?'Example #324:
a. Ken ga [benkyoo o sezu ni] [tesuto o uketa yo] study OBJ do:NEG CMPL test OBJ take: PST FP 'Ken took the test without studying.'Example #325:
a. Ken wa [kaimono o si ni] [Toronto ni ikanakatta yo] shopping OBJ do CMPL to go:NEG:PST FP 'Ken didn't go to Toronto to do the shopping.'Example #326:
a. anata wa [pikunikku ni Ken o tsuretekite] ii yo you picnic to OBJ bring be-permitted FP 'You may bring Ken to the picnic.'Example #327:
a. sono tokee ga [mada shuurisinaide] [aru yo] that clock yet repair:NEG exist FP 'That clock hasn't been repaired yet.'Example #328:
a. Ken wa gaikoku ni itte [simatta yo] foreign-country to go put:PST FP 'Ken has gone to a foreign country, to my regret.'Example #329:
a. Ken wa Hanako ni sono hon o ageta DAT that book OBJ give:PST 'Ken gave the book to Hanako.'Example #330:
a. sono hon o ageta n da tte sensee ga Ken ni that book OBJ give:PST NOM COP QT teacher DAT '(I heard) the teacher gave the book to Ken.'Example #331:
a. ? sono hon o ageta n da tte sensee wa Ken ni that book OBJ give:PST NOM COP QT teacher DAT '(I heard) the teacher gave the book to Ken.'Example #332:
(35) * [kinoo ___ katta] kuruma o mita yo Ken ga yesterday buy:PST car OBJ see:PST FP '(I) saw the car which Ken bought yesterday.'Example #333:
(36) * [Ken ga kinoo ___ katta tteyuu] uwasa o kiita yo kuruma o yesterday buy:PST QT rumor OBJ hear:PST FP car OBJ '(I) heard the rumor that Ken bought a car yesterday.'Example #334:
a. ? ___ gakusee wa saiyoosare soo desu ka [Suzuki kyoozyu ga suisensiteiru] student employ:PAS likely COP Q prof. recommending 'Is the student whom Prof. Suzuki is recommending likely to be employed?'Example #335:
(40) Ken wa sinziteru no? [Taro ga okane o nusunda tte] believe FP money OBJ steal:PST QT 'Does Ken believe that Taro stole the money?'Example #336:
(41) ? Ken wa ___ konsaato ni ikanai tte [Hanako ga iku nara] concert to go:NEG QT go if '(I heard) Ken won't go to the concert if Hanako goes.'Example #337:
(42) ? Ken wa ___ konsaato ni ikanai tte [Hanako ga ike ba] concert to go:NEG QT go if '(I heard) Ken won't go to the concert if Hanako goes.'Example #338:
(43) ? Ken wa ___ konsaato ni ikanai tte [Hanako ga i ttara] concert to go:NEG QT go if '(I heard) Ken won't go to the concert if Hanako goes.'Example #339:
(44) ? Ken wa ___ benkyoo dekinai tte [Hanako ga kuru to] study do:POT:NEG QT come if '(I heard) Ken cannot study if Hanako comes.'Example #340:
a. * kore wa [ ___ kinoo kabutteta] boosi da yo Ken ga this yesterday wear:PST hat COP FP 'This is the hat which Ken was wearing yesterday.'Example #341:
b. kore wa [ ___ kinoo kabutteta] no da yo Ken ga this yesterday wear:PST NOM COP FP 'This is the one which Ken was wearing yesterday.'Example #342:
a. * [Ken ga ___ ageta] hon o yonda? Hanako ni give:PST book OBJ read:PST DAT 'Did (you) read the book which Ken gave to Hanako?'Example #343:
b. [Ken ga ___ ageta] no yonda? Hanako ni give:PST NOM read:PST DAT 'Did (you) read the one which Ken gave to Hanako?'Example #344:
a. ? [Ken ga ___ hon o ageta tteyuu] uwasa o sitteru? Hanako ni book OBJ give:PST QT rumor OBJ knowing DAT 'Do (you) know the rumor that Ken gave a book to Hanako?'Example #345:
b. [Ken ga ___ hon o ageta tteyuu] no sitteru? Hanako ni book OBJ give:PST QT NOM knowing DAT 'Do (you) know the one that Ken gave a book to Hanako?'Example #346:
a. kore wa boosi da yo this hat COP FP 'This is a hat.'Example #347:
b. * kore wa no da yo this NOM COP FP 'This is the one.'Example #348:
a. hon o yonda? book OBJ read:PST 'Did (you) read the book?'Example #349:
b. * no yonda? NOM read:PST 'Did (you) read the one?'Example #350:
a. uwasa o sitteru? rumor OBJ knowing 'Do (you) know the rumor?'Example #351:
a. keesatsu wa [ginkoo ni haitta] gootoo o tsukamaeta n da yo police bank to enter:PST robber OBJ capture NOM COP FP 'The police captured the robber who entered the bank.'Example #352:
b. keesatsu wa [gootoo ga ginkoo ni haitta] no o tsukamaeta n da yo police robber bank to enter:PST NOM OBJ capture:PST NOM COP FP 'The police captured the robber who entered the bank.'Example #353:
a. * keesatsu wa [___ haitta] gootoo o tsukamaeta n da yo ginkoo ni police enter:PST robber OBJ capture:PST NOM COP FP bank to 'The police captured the robber who entered the bank.'Example #354:
a. keesatsu wa gootoo o tsukamaeta n da yo police robber OBJ capture:PST NOM COP FP 'The police captured the robber.'Example #355:
b. * keesatsu wa no o tsukamaeta n da yo police NOM OBJ capture:PST NON COP FP 'The police captured (the robber).'Example #356:
A: kore ga [Ken ga kinoo moratta] biiru na no? this yesterday receive:PST beer NOM FP 'Is this the beer which (someone) gave to Ken yesterday?'Example #357:
B: * iya kore wa [___ kinoo moratta] wain da yo Ken ga no this yesterday receive:PST wine COP FP 'No, this is wine which (someone) gave to Ken yesterday.'Example #358:
A: kore ga [Ken ga kinoo moratta] biiru na no? this yesterday receive:PST beer NOM FP 'Is this the beer which (someone) gave to Ken yesterday?'Example #359:
B: iya kore wa [___ kinoo katta] biiru da yo Ken ga no this yesterday buy:PST beer COP FP 'No, this is the beer which Ken bought yesterday.'Example #360:
A: [Ken ga takarakuzi o ateta tteyuu] uwasa kiita? lottery OBJ hit:PST QT rumor hear:PST 'Did (you) hear the rumor that Ken hit the lottery?'Example #361:
B: * iya sore wa [___ takarakuzi o ateta tteyuu] demakase da yo Ken ga no that lottery OBJ hit:PST QT lie COP FP 'No, it is the lie that Ken hit the lottery.'Example #362:
A: [Ken ga takarakuzi o ateta tteyuu] uwasa kiita? lottery OBJ hit:PST QT rumor hear:PST 'Did (you) hear the rumor that Ken hit the lottery?'Example #363:
A: Ken wa [Hanako ga kinoo kuru tte] omotteta no? yesterday come QT thinking:PST FP 'Did Ken think that Hanako would come yesterday?'Example #364:
B: iya Ken wa [___ ototoi kuru tte] omotteta n da yo Hanako ga no day-before-yes. come QT thinking:PST NOM COP FP 'No, Ken thought that Hanako would come the day before yesterday.'Example #365:
A: Ken wa [Hanako ga kinoo kuru tte] omotteta no? yesterday come QT thinking:PST FP 'Did Ken think that Hanako would come yesterday?'Example #366:
ga no yesterday come QT misunderstanding:PST NOM COP FP 'No, Ken wrongly understood that Hanako would come yesterday.'Example #367:
Joan ga setsumee site nattoku nasaimasita explanation do compliance do:HON:PST 'Joan explained, and (he) understood (it).'Example #368:
* Ken wa sono [dare ga katta] kuruma o untensita no? that who buy:PST car drive:PST FP 'Who did Ken drive the car which ___ bought?'Example #369:
zutto kuruma o uranaide wa ita keredo kyonen utte simatta long-time car OBJ sell:NEG be:PST but last-year sell end-up:PST '(I) kept the car for a long time, but (I) ended up selling (it) last year.'