The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Paul Kiparsky (1998). Partitive Case and Aspect.
URL: http://www.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/wuppertal.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 1238&langcode=fin (2021-05-15).
Example #1:
(1) a. Ammu-i-n karhu-a / kah-ta karhu-a / karhu-j-a
shoot-Pst-1Sg bear-Part / two-Part bear-Part / bear-Pl-Part
`I shot at the (a) bear / at (the) two bears / at (the) bears'
Example #2:
b. Ammu-i-n karhu-n / kaksi karhu-a / karhu-t
shootPst-1Sg bear-Acc / two-Acc bear-Part / bear-PlAcc
`I shot the (a) bear / two bears / the bears'
Example #3:
(2) a. saa-n #karhu-a / #kah-ta karhu-a / karhu-j-a
get-1Sg bear-Part / two-Part bear-Part / bear-Pl-Part
`I'll get the (a) bear / (the) two bears / bears'
Example #4:
b. saa-n karhu-n / kaksi karhu-a / karhu-t
get-1Sg bear-Acc / two-Acc bear-Part / bear-PlAcc
`I'll get the (a) bear / two bears / the bears'
Example #5:
(3) a. etsi-n karhu-a / kah-ta karhu-a / karhu-j-a
seek-1Sg bear-Part / two-Part bear-Part / bear-Pl-Part
`I'm looking for the (a) bear / (the) two bears / (the) bears'
Example #6:
b. etsi-n #karhu-n / #kaksi karhu-a / #karhu-t
seek-1Sg bear-Acc / two-Acc bear-Part / bear-PlAcc
`I'm looking for the (a) bear / two bears / the bears'
Example #7:
(4) a. omista-n #karhu-a / #kah-ta karhu-a / karhu-j-a
own-1Sg bear-Part / two-Part bear-Part / bear-Pl-Part
`I own the (a) bear / (the) two bears / bears'
Example #8:
b. omista-n karhu-n / kaksi karhu-a / karhu-t
own-1Sg bear-Acc / two-Acc bear-Part / bear-PlAcc
`I own the (a) bear / two bears / the bears'
Example #9:
(8) a. Anu-lla on loistava-t oppilaa-t
Anu-Adess be-3Sg brilliant-PlAcc student-PlAcc
`Anu has brilliant students'
Example #10:
b. Anu-lla on loistav-i-a oppila-i-ta
Anu-Adess be-3Sg brilliant-PlPart student-PlPart
`Anu has (some) brilliant students'
Example #11:
(12) Matti ampu-u usein Lapi-ssa hauliko-lla karhu-j-a
Matti shoot-3Sg often Lapland-Iness shotgun-Adess bear-Pl-Part
`Matti often shoots (at) (the) bears with a shotgun in Lapland.'
Example #12:
(13) Ost-i-n lehde-n ja kirjo-j-a.
buy-Pst-1Sg newspaper-SgAcc and book-Pl-Part
`I bought the/a newspaper and books'
Example #13:
(14) a. Matti koskett-i kirja-a
Matti touch-Pst3Sg book-Part
`Matti touched the/a book.'
Example #14:
b. *Matti koskett-i.
Matti touch-Pst3Sg
`Matti touched.'
Example #15:
(16) a. Ve-i-n vieraa-n huonee-see-nsa.
bring-Pst-1Sg guest-SgAcci room-Illat-3Sgi
`I brought the guest into his/her room.'
Example #16:
b. Ve-i-n viera-i-ta huone-i-sii-nsa.
bring-Pst-1Sg guest-Pl-Parti room-Pl-Illat-3Pli
`I brought guests into their rooms.'
Example #17:
(21) a. Matti ost-i maito-a (tunni-n)
Matti-SgNom buy-Pst3Sg milk-SgPart (hour-Acc)
`Matti bought milk (for an hour)'
Example #18:
b. Matti ost-i maido-n (tunni-ssa)
Matti-SgNom buy-Pst3Sg milk-SgAcc (hour-Iness)
`Matti bought the milk (in an hour)'
Example #19:
c. Matti luk-i kirjo-j-a (tunni-n)
Matti-SgNom read-Pst3Sg book-Pl-Part (hour-Acc)
`Matti read books (for an hour)'
Example #20:
d. Matti luk-i kirja-t (tunni-ssa)
Matti-SgNom read-Pst3Sg book-Pl-Part (hour-Iness)
`Matti read the books (in an hour)'
Example #21:
e. Anu suutel-i Esa-a / #Esa-n (tunni-n / #tunni-ssa)
Anu kiss-Pst3Sg Esa-Part / #Esa-Acc (hour-Acc / hour-Iness)
`Anu kissed Esa (for an hour / #in an hour)'
Example #22:
(27) a. Muoti lyhensi hameenhelma-a
fashion shorten-Past3Sg hemline-Part
`Fashion shortened the hemline.' [made it shorter]
Example #23:
b. Muoti lyhensi hameenhelma-n
Fashion shorten-Past3Sg hemline-Acc
[made it short]
Example #24:
(29) a. Matti lainas-i kello-a
Matti borrow-Past3Sg watch-Part
`Matti borrowed a watch.' [temporarily]
Example #25:
b. Matti lainas-i kello-n
Matti borrow-Past3Sg watch-Acc
`Matti borrowed a watch.'
Example #26:
b. Omista-t talo-j-a.
Own-2Sg house-Pl-Part.
`You own houses.'
Example #27:
(44) a. Matti koett-i tappa-a karhu-n
Matti try-Pst-3Sg kill-Inf bear-SgAcc
`Matti tried to kill a/the bear'
Example #28:
b. Matti koett-i tappa-a karhu-a
Matti try-Pst-3Sg kill-Inf bear-SgPart
`Matti tried to kill a/the bear'
Example #29:
(45) a. Matti e-i myy-nyt talo-a (#talo-n).
Matti-SgNom not-3Sg sell-PstPart house-SgPart (house-SgAcc)
`Matti didn't sell the/a house'
Example #30:
b. Matti odott-i #tunti-a (tunni-n)
Matti-SgNom wait-Pst-3Sg hour-SgPart (hour-SgAcc)
`Matti waited an hour'
Example #31:
c. Matti e-i odotta-nut tunti-a (tunni-n)
Matti-SgNom not-3Sg wait-PstPrtc hour-SgPart (hour-SgAcc)
`Matti didn't wait an hour'
Example #32:
(loppu-un)
(end-Ill)
`Aki got Jari to force Sake read the book (through).'
Example #33:
kirja-a (loppu-un)
book-Part (end-Ill)
`Aki didn't get Jari to force Sake to read the book (through).'
Example #34:
(48) Taitamaton koripalloilija pudott-i jatkuvasti pallo-a.
unskilled basketball player drop-Past3Sg continually ball-Part
`The unskilled basketball player kept dropping the ball.'
Example #35:
(49) a. Tapo-i-n juuri karhu-a.
kill-Pst1Sg just bear-Part
`I was just killing the bear.'
Example #36:
b. Matti ost-i (juuri) auto-a, (kun. . . )
Matti buy-Pst3Sg (just) car-SgPart, (when. . . )
`Matti was (just) buying a car, (when. . . )'
Example #37:
(51) a. #Matti voitt-i kilpajuoksu-a.
Matti win-Past3Sg race-Part
`Matti was winning the race.'
Example #38:
b. Matti ol-i voitta-ma-ssa kilpajuoksu-a.
Matti was win-Prtcpl-Iness race-Part
`Matti was winning the race.'
Example #39:
e. Jussi maalas-i talo-n (punaise-ksi)
Jussi(NOM) paint-Pst3Sg) house-Acc (red-Transl)
`Jussi painted the (a) [whole] house (red)'
Example #40:
f. Jussi maalas-i talo-a (punaise-ksi)
Jussi(NOM) paint-PAST(3SG) house-Part (red-Transl)
`Jussi was painting the (a) house (red)'
Example #41:
g. Luin kirja-n (loppu-un) / (repale-i-ksi)
read-PAST-1SG book-Acc (end-Illat) / (shred-Pl-Transl)
`I read the book (to the end) / (to shreds)'
Example #42:
h. Luin kirja-a
read-Pst-1sg book-Part
`I was reading the book.'
Example #43:
(57) Lue-skel-i-n sen kirja-n (loppu-un)
read-freq-Past-1Sg that-Acc book-Acc (end-Ill)
`I read that book off and on (through).'
Example #44:
(63) a. Karhu kuol-i
bear-SgNom die-Pst-3Sg
`The bear died'
Example #45:
c. Karhu-t kuol-i-vat
bear-PlNom die-Pst-3Pl
`The bears died'
Example #46:
d. Karhu-j-a kuol-i
bear-PlPart die-Pst-3Sg
`Bears died'
Example #47:
b. Piha-lla leikki-i laps-i-a
courtyard-Adess play-3Sg child-Pl-Part
`There are children playing in the courtyard'
Example #48:
c. Laps-i-a leikki-i piha-lla
child-Pl-Part play-3Sg courtyard-Adess
`There are children playing in the courtyard'
Example #49:
d. #Piha-lla hymyile-e laps-i-a
courtyard-Adess smile-3Sg child-Pl-Part
`There are children smiling in the courtyard'
Example #50:
e. #Laps-i-a hymyile-e piha-lla
child-Pl-Part smile-3Sg courtyard-Adess
`There are children smiling in the courtyard'
Example #51:
a. Nyt on synty-nyt lapsi (lapsi-a)
now be-3Sg born-PP child-SgNom (child-PlPart)
`Now a child has been born'
Example #52:
b. Sytty-i sota
break out-Pst-3Sg war-SgNom
`War broke out' (Vilkuna 1989, 165)
Example #53:
c. Lapsi (lapsi-a) on nyt synty-nyt
child-SgNom (child-PlPart) now be-3Sg born-PP
`The/a child (children) has (have) been born now'
Example #54:
d. Sota sytty-i
war-SgNom break out-Pst-3Sg
`War broke out'
Example #55:
(68) a. #Hymyil-i lapsi (lapsi-a)
smile-Pst-3Sg child-SgNom (child-PlPart)
`The/a child (children) smiled'
Example #56:
c. Lapsi (#lapsi-a) hymyil-i
child-SgNom (child-PlPart) smile-Pst-3Sg
`The/a child (#children) smiled'
Example #57:
d. Ruotsalainen (#ruotsalais-i-a) voitt-i
Swede-SgNom (#Swede-PlPart) win-Pst-3Sg
`The/a Swede (#Swedes) won'
Example #58:
(69) a. Poika saapu-i
Boy (Nom) arrive-Pst3Sg
`The/a boy ([+B)] arrived ([+B]).'
Example #59:
b. Poik-i-a saapu-i
Boy-Pl-Part arrive-Pst3Sg
`Boys ([B]) arrived ([+B]).'
Example #60:
(70) a. Karhu lymyile-e
Bear (Nom) lurk-3Sg
`A bear ([+B]) is lurking ([B]).'
Example #61:
b. *Karhu-a lymyile-e
Bear-Part lurk-3Sg
`A bear ([+B]) is lurking ([B]).'