The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Horiuchi, Hitoshi (2004). LEXICAL INTEGRITY, HEAD SHARING,AND CASE MARKING IN JAPANESE TEMPORAL AFFIX CONSTRUCTIONS.
URL: http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/9/lfg04horiuchi.pdf
(Last accessed 2006-01-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 1721&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(1)a. [IP John-ga/*-no [VP ainugo-o/*-no [V kenkyuu-si]]-ta]
John-NOM/*-GEN Ainu-ACC/*-GEN research-do-PAST
`John studied Ainu.'
Example #2:
b. [NP John-no/*-ga ainugo-no/*-o kenkyuu](-ga itiban sugureteita).
John-GEN/*-NOM Ainu-GEN/*-ACC research(-NOM most was.excellent)
`John's research on Ainu (was most excellent).'
Example #3:
(2)a. [John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu tyuu] <NC>
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research mid
`during John's research on Ainu'
Example #4:
(5) Mary-wa iroirona gengo-no kenkyuui-o sita.
Mary-TOP various language-GEN research-ACC did
`Mary studied various languages.'
Example #5:
a. (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei tyuu/izen(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it mid/before(-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
`During/Before her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.'
Example #6:
(6) Mary-wa iroirona gengo-no kenkyuui-o sita.
Mary-TOP various language-GEN research-ACC did
`Mary studied various languages.'
Example #7:
a. (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei no-ori/-sai(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it on.the.occasion.of (-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
`On the occasion of her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.'
Example #8:
Mary-ga syohyoo-o kaita. [NC]
Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a review after John's severe criticism of the paper.'
Example #9:
Mary-ga syohyoo-o kaita. [MC]
Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a review after John's severe criticism of the paper.'
Example #10:
(10) kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae suru
study-TOP/also/even do
`(to) study'
Example #11:
(11)a. *kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae tyuu
study-TOP/also/even mid
`during a study'
Example #12:
b. *kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae (-no) sai/ori
study-TOP/also/even -NO occasion
`on the occasion of a study'
Example #13:
(12)a. Mary-wa [NP John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu tyuu]-o omoidasita.
Mary-TOP John-GEN Ainu-GEN research mid-ACC remembered
`Mary remembered the middle of John's study of Ainu.'
Example #14:
(13)a. John-ga ainugo-no kenkyuu-tyuu (=2c)
John-NOM Ainu-GEN research-mid
`during John's research on Ainu'
Example #15:
c. *John-ga sono ronbun-no kibisii hihan-go(-ni), <MC> (=8b)
John-NOM the paper-GEN severe criticism-after(-at),
`after John's severe criticism of the paper '
Example #16:
c. *John-ga sono ronbun-no kinoo hihan-go(-ni), <MC>
John-NOM the paper-GEN yesterday criticism-after(-at),
`after John criticized the paper yesterday'
Example #17:
b. ?John-ga ainugo-o kenkyuu to tyoosa no sai [VC]
John-NOM Ainu-ACC research and survey GEN occasion
`on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #18:
(38)a. *John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu to tyoosa-tyuu [NC]
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research and survey-mid
`during John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #19:
Mary-ga ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-NOM paper-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a paper during John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #20:
b. John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu to tyoosa no sai [NC]
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research and survey GEN occasion
`on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #21:
Mary-ga ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-NOM paper-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a paper on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #22:
ronbun-o kaita. [VC]
paper-ACC wrote.
Swahili.'
Example #23:
Mary-wa suwahirigo-o tyoosa no sai, ronbun-o kaita. [VC]
Mary-TOP Swahili-ACC survey GEN occasion, paper-ACC wrote
of her survey of Swahili.'
Example #24:
Mary-wa suwahirigo-no tyoosa-tyuu, ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-TOP Swahili-GEN survey-mid, paper-ACC wrote.
survey of Swahili.'
Example #25:
c. tyoosa-tyuu
survey-mid
`during a survey'