The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Phillips, Colin (1996). Order and Structure.
URL: http://www.ling.udel.edu/colin/research/papers/dissertation.pdf
(Last accessed 2005-02-15).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 195&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(101) a. John-ga isoide dono hon-mo yonda.
-nom quickly all books-acc read
`John read all the books quickly.' (collective & distributive
Example #2:
b. John-ga dono hon-mo isoide yonda.
-nom all books-acc quickly read
`John read all the books quickly.' (distributive reading only)
Example #3:
soosita.
John-top quickly all books-acc read, (and) Mary-top slowly did-so
`John read all the books quickly, and Mary did slowly.'
Example #4:
soosita.
John-top all books-acc quickly read, (and) Mary-top slowly did-so
`John read all the books quickly, and Mary did slowly.'
Example #5:
(72) a. Taroo-ga hadaka-de hon-o yonda
-nom naked book-acc read
`Taro read a book naked.'
Example #6:
sukina kakko]-de demukaeta
favorite fashion met
`Hanako met [Taro and Ziro]i in hisi most favorite dress.'
Example #7:
[soitui-no mottomo sukina kakko]-de tanzyoo purezento-o watasita
SOITU-gen most favorite fashion birthday present-acc gave
called Tanaka]i in hisi most favorite dress.'
Example #8:
(74) a. * [John-to Mary]i-o otagaii-ga ti mita
[John-and Mary]-acci each otheri-nom t i saw
`John and Mary, each other saw.'
Example #9:
b. [John-to Mary]i-o otagaii-no sensee-ga ti mita
[John-and Mary]-acci each otheri-gen teachers-nom ti saw
`John and Mary, each other's teachers saw.'
Example #10:
(76) a. John-ga Mary-ni pen-o ni-hon ageta
John-nom Mary-dat pen-acc 2-cl gave
`John gave two pens to Mary.'
Example #11:
(77) a. John-ga gakusei-tatii-o otagaii-ni syookaisita
John-nom studentsi-acc each otheri-dat introduced
`John introduced the students to each other.'
Example #12:
b. John-ga gakusei-tati i-o futa-ri otagaii-ni syookaisita
John-nom studentsi-acc 2-cl each otheri-dat introduced
`John introduced two students to each other.'
Example #13:
syookaisita
introduced
`John introduced two students to each other's teachers.'
Example #14:
[soitui-no mottomo sukina kakko]-de syooksaisita
in his most favorite dress-de introduced
favorite dress.'
Example #15:
sukina kakko]-de ti futa-ri syooksaisita
favorite dress-de ti 2-cl introduced
dress.'
Example #16:
futa-ri demukaeta
Hanako-nom students-acci in hisi most favorite dress-de ti 2-cl met
`Hanako met two students in his most favorite dress.'
Example #17:
(82) a. Hirosi-ga Masao-o mita ...
H. -nom M. -acc saw
`Hirosi saw Masao.'
Example #18:
b. [Hirosi-ga Masao-o mita] toki ...
H. -nom M. -acc saw when
`When Hirosi saw Masao, ...'
Example #19:
c. [[Hirosi-ga Masao-o mita] toki Takasi-ga hutari-o yonda] node ...
H. -nom M. -acc saw when T. -nom the two-acc called because
`Because Takasi called the two when Hirosi saw Masao ...'
Example #20:
(85) a. Bob-ga ringo-o tabeta
B. -nom apple-acc ate
`Bob ate the apple.'
Example #21:
b. Bob-ga ringoj-o [[proi proj tabeta] inui-ni] ageta.
B. -nom apple-acc ate dog-dat gave
`Bob gave the apple to the dog that ate it.'
Example #22:
c. Bob-ga [[proi ringo-o tabeta] inui-ni] hone-o ageta.
B. -nom apple-acc ate dog-dat bone-acc gave
`Bob gave the dog that ate the apple a bone.'
Example #23:
(88) a. [Mary-ga sinseihin-wo tloc/i kaihatusita] kaisyai-ga tubureta.
M. -nom new product-acc developed company-nom went bankrupt
bankrupt.' (Inoue 1991)
Example #24:
kaita.
Y.-nom friend-acc visited acquaintance-dat letter-acc wrote
`Yamashita wrote a letter to an acquaintance who visited his friend.'
Example #25:
mikaketa.
Y.-nom friend-acc visited company-loc saw
`Yamashita saw his friend at the company he visited.'