The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Butt, Miriam & Tracy Holloway King (Eds.) (2004). Proceedings of the LFG 04 Conference.
URL: http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/9/lfg04.pdf
(Last accessed 2006-02-18).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 2399&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(4) a. hon wa akai
book red
`The book is red.' (Japanese)
Example #2:
(5) sono hon wa akai desu
this book red is
`This book is red.' (Japanese)
Example #3:
(6) a. sono hon wa syousetsu desu
this book novel is
`This book is a novel.' (Japanese)
Example #4:
(1)a. [IP John-ga/*-no [VP ainugo-o/*-no [V kenkyuu-si]]-ta]
John-NOM/*-GEN Ainu-ACC/*-GEN research-do-PAST
`John studied Ainu.'
Example #5:
b. [NP John-no/*-ga ainugo-no/*-o kenkyuu](-ga itiban sugureteita).
John-GEN/*-NOM Ainu-GEN/*-ACC research(-NOM most was.excellent)
`John's research on Ainu (was most excellent).'
Example #6:
(2)a. [John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu tyuu] <NC>
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research mid
`during John's research on Ainu'
Example #7:
(5) Mary-wa iroirona gengo-no kenkyuui-o sita.
Mary-TOP various language-GEN research-ACC did
`Mary studied various languages.'
Example #8:
a. (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei tyuu/izen(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it mid/before(-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
`During/Before her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.'
Example #9:
(6) Mary-wa iroirona gengo-no kenkyuui-o sita.
Mary-TOP various language-GEN research-ACC did
`Mary studied various languages.'
Example #10:
a. (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei no-ori/-sai(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it on.the.occasion.of (-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
`On the occasion of her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.'
Example #11:
Mary-ga syohyoo-o kaita. [NC]
Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a review after John's severe criticism of the paper.'
Example #12:
Mary-ga syohyoo-o kaita. [MC]
Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a review after John's severe criticism of the paper.'
Example #13:
(10) kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae suru
study-TOP/also/even do
`(to) study'
Example #14:
(11)a. *kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae tyuu
study-TOP/also/even mid
`during a study'
Example #15:
b. *kenkyuu-wa/-mo/-sae (-no) sai/ori
study-TOP/also/even -NO occasion
`on the occasion of a study'
Example #16:
(12)a. Mary-wa [NP John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu tyuu]-o omoidasita.
Mary-TOP John-GEN Ainu-GEN research mid-ACC remembered
`Mary remembered the middle of John's study of Ainu.'
Example #17:
(13)a. John-ga ainugo-no kenkyuu-tyuu (=2c)
John-NOM Ainu-GEN research-mid
`during John's research on Ainu'
Example #18:
c. *John-ga sono ronbun-no kibisii hihan-go(-ni), <MC> (=8b)
John-NOM the paper-GEN severe criticism-after(-at),
`after John's severe criticism of the paper '
Example #19:
c. *John-ga sono ronbun-no kinoo hihan-go(-ni), <MC>
John-NOM the paper-GEN yesterday criticism-after(-at),
`after John criticized the paper yesterday'
Example #20:
b. ?John-ga ainugo-o kenkyuu to tyoosa no sai [VC]
John-NOM Ainu-ACC research and survey GEN occasion
`on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #21:
(38)a. *John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu to tyoosa-tyuu [NC]
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research and survey-mid
`during John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #22:
Mary-ga ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-NOM paper-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a paper during John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #23:
b. John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu to tyoosa no sai [NC]
John-GEN Ainu-GEN research and survey GEN occasion
`on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #24:
Mary-ga ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-NOM paper-ACC wrote
`Mary wrote a paper on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu'
Example #25:
ronbun-o kaita. [VC]
paper-ACC wrote.
Swahili.'
Example #26:
Mary-wa suwahirigo-o tyoosa no sai, ronbun-o kaita. [VC]
Mary-TOP Swahili-ACC survey GEN occasion, paper-ACC wrote
of her survey of Swahili.'
Example #27:
Mary-wa suwahirigo-no tyoosa-tyuu, ronbun-o kaita.
Mary-TOP Swahili-GEN survey-mid, paper-ACC wrote.
survey of Swahili.'
Example #28:
c. tyoosa-tyuu
survey-mid
`during a survey'
Example #29:
mie-kaheru-ramu
see-return[attri.]
`Is it because the night is long that my husband keeps coming back in my dream?'
Example #30:
sirazumo
do-not-know
wife who is lost.
Example #31:
(5) a. [Waga seko-ni mataha awa-zi-kato omohe-ba-ka] kesano wakare-no subenakarituru
my wife-dat again see-not-C think-cond-Q this morning parting-gen sad[attri.]
sad?'
Example #32:
b. [Yama-tooki miyako-nisi-are-ba] saozika-no tuma yobu koe wa tomosikumo aru-ka
mountain-far town-loc-be-cond. deer-gen wife call voice top scarece-be-Q
scarcely be heard?'
Example #33:
(11)a. Hirosi ga nikki -o yonda sei de, Yuko -wa kizutuita.
nom diary acc read because-of top was-hurt
`Yuko was hurt because Hiroshi read her diary.'