The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Tomioka, Naoko (2004). The Lexicalization Patterns of Verbs and V-V compounds.
URL: http://edvarda.hf.ntnu.no/ling/tross/tomioka.pdf
(Last accessed ).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 2790&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
c. Ozo gha gbe ewe wu. (Edo; Baker & Stewart (2002))
Ozo FUT hit goat die
`Ozo will strike the goat dead.'
Example #2:
d. A náki hen kíi. (Sarammacan; Veenstra (1996) p.4)
3sg hit 3sg kill
`He hit it dead.'
Example #3:
(6) *Taro-ga kaato-o kabe-ni oshi-ta.
Taro-NOM cart-ACC wall-to push-PAST
`Taro pushed the cart to the corridor.'
Example #4:
a. *Taro-ga gakko-ni arui-ta.
Taro-NOM school-LOC walk-PAST
"Taro walked to school."
Example #5:
b. *Taro-ga tetsu-o tairani tatai-ta. (Japanese)
Taro-NOM iron-ACC flat pound-PAST
`Jean/Juan/Taro pounded the metal flat.'
Example #6:
(10) * Taro-ga Jiro-o tataki-shin-da.
Taro-NOM Jiro-ACC pound-die-PAST
`Taro pounded Jiro dead.'
Example #7:
(i) (*Taro-ga) jimen-ga/*o fumi-katamar-ta.
Taro-NOM ground-NOM/ACC stomp-harden(UNACC)-PAST
"The ground hardened (by someone stomping on it)"
Example #8:
(15) a. Jimen-ga katamar-ta.
ground-NOM harden-PAST
`The ground hardened'
Example #9:
b. *Taro-ga Jimen-ga fumi-katamar-ta.
Taro-NOM ground-NOM harden-PAST
`The ground hardened (by someone stomping on it)'
Example #10:
(16) a. Jiro-ga Ichiro-no kubi-o shime-ta.
Jiro-NOM Ichio-GEN neck-ACC strangle-PAST
`Jiro strangled Ichiro's neck.'
Example #11:
(17) a. Jiro-ga Ichiro-o koroshi-ta.
Jiro-NOM Ichiro-ACC kill-PAST
`Jiro killed Ichiro.'
Example #12:
(18) a. Jiro-ga Ichiro-o shime-koroshi-ta.
Jiro-NOm Ichiro-ACC strangle-kill-PAST
`Jiro killed Ichiro by strangling (him)'