The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Clifford Spence Burgess (1995). MAPPING MULTIPLE CAUSATIVES.
URL: http://www.sfu.ca/~gerdts/teaching/MA_Thesis_Cliff.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3421&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(25) a. Hanako ga Taroo ni syokki o araw-ase-ta
Hanako NOM Taro DAT dishes ACC wash-CS-PST
`Hanako caused [made/let] Taro to wash the dishes.'
Example #2:
(27) Yooko ga Taroo ni Hanako ni is ya ni/o ko-sase-sase-sase-ta
Yoko Taro Hanako doctor come-CS-CS-CS-PST
`Yoko made (let) Taro make (let) Hanako make/let the doctor come.'
Example #3:
(28) ??Taroo ga Hanako ni is ya ni kodomo o koros-ase-sase-ta
Taro Hanako doctor child kill-CS-CS-PST
`Taro made (let) Hanako make (let) the doctor kill the child.'
Example #4:
(29) *Taroo ga is ya ni Yooko ni Hanako ni kusuri o age-sase-sase-ta
Taro doctor Yoko Hanako medicine give-CS-CS-PST
`Taro made (let) the doctor make (let)Yoko give the medicine to Hanako.'
Example #5:
Dare ga Ziroo ni Taroo ni heya o soozis-ase-ta
who NOM Ziro Taro room ACC clean-CS-PST
`Who made Ziro make Taro clean the room?'
Example #6:
Taroo (ni) wa dare ga Ziroo ni heya o soozis-ase-ta
Taro (DAT) TOP who NOM Ziro room ACC clean-CS-PST
`As for Taro, who made Ziro make him clean the room?'
Example #7:
*Ziroo (ni) wa dare ga Taroo ni heya o soozis-ase-ta
Ziro (DAT) TOP who NOM Taro room ACC clean-CS-PST
(`As for Ziro, who made him make Taro clean the room?')
Example #8:
(86) a. Isya wa kanz ya o aruk-ase-ta
doctor TOP patient ACC walk-CS-PST
`The doctor made the patient walk.'
Example #9:
(87) a. Hanako ga Taroo ni syokki o araw-ase-ta
Hanako NOM Taro DAT dishes ACC wash-CS-PST
`Hanako caused [made/let] Taro to wash the dishes.'49
Example #10:
(89) a. ??Taroo ga Hanako ni is ya ni kodomo o koros-ase-sase-ta
Taro Hanako doctor child kill-CS-CS-PST
`Taro made (let) Hanako make (let) the doctor kill the child.'
Example #11:
(111) a. Isya wa kanz ya o aruk-ase-ta
doctor TOP patient ACC walk.CS.PST
`The doctor caused [made] the patient to walk.'
Example #12:
(112) a. Hanako ga Taroo ni syokki o araw-ase-ta
Hanako NOM Taro DAT dishes ACC wash-CS-PST
`Hanako caused [made/let] Taro to wash the dishes.'
Example #13:
(132) Yooko ga Taroo ni Hanako ni is ya ni/o ko-sase-sase-sase-ta
Yoko Taro Hanako doctor come-CS-CS-CS-PST
`Yoko made (let) Taro make (let) Hanako make/let the doctor come.'