The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Ryuichi Washio (2000). Unaccusativity and Passivizability in Mongolian -- with Special Reference to German and Japanese.
URL: http://www.modern.tsukuba.ac.jp/~washio/washio2.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3547&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(6) John-ga Mary-ni ker-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-BY kick-PASSIVE- PAST
`John was kicked by Mary.'
Example #2:
(7) John-ga Mary-ni kami-o kir-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-BY hair-ACC cut-PASSIVE-PAST
`John was affected by Mary's cutting (his/her own) hair.'
Example #3:
(8) John-ga Mary-ni nak-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-BY cry-PASSIVE-PAST
`John was affected by Mary's crying.'
Example #4:
b. John-ga Mary-ni kami-o kir-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-BY hair-ACC cut-PASSIVE-PAST
`John was affected by Mary's cutting (her own) hair.'
Example #5:
b. Mary-ga keisatu-ni kamera-o bossyuus-are-ta.
M.-NOM police- BY camera-ACC confiscate-PASSIVE-PAST
(16) a. Mary had her camera confiscated by the police.
Example #6:
(19) a. boku-wa taiya-ni pankus-are-ta.
I-TOP tire-BY blow out- PASSIVE-PAST
`The tire blew out, which affected me.'
Example #7:
b. boku-wa tokei-ni tomar-are-ta.
I-TOP clock- BY stop- PASSIVE-PAST
`My watch stopped, which affected me.'
Example #8:
c. boku-wa inku-ni kawak-are-ta.
I-TOP ink- BY dry out-PASSIVE-PAST
`The ink dried, which affected me.'
Example #9:
d. boku-wa sono hon-ni totuzen hirak-are-ta.
I-TOP the book-BY suddenly open- PASSIVE-PAST
`The book suddenly opened, which affected me.'
Example #10:
(20) a. * boku-wa mado-ni totuzen war-e-rare-ta.
I-TOP window-BY suddenly break- INTRANSITIVE-PASSIVE-PAST
`The window suddenly broke, which affected me.'
Example #11:
b. * boku-wa kutu-no himo-ni hodok-e-rare-ta.
I-TOP shoe-of lace-BY untie- INTRANSITIVE-PASSIVE-PAST
`My shoelace untied, which affected me.'
Example #12:
c. * boku-wa doa-no totte-ni tor-e-rare-ta.
I-TOP door-of knob-BY take away-INTRANSITIVE -PASSIVE-PAST
`The doorknob came off, which affected me.'
Example #13:
d. * boku-wa ika-ni sak-e-rare-ta.
I-TOP squid-BY tear-INTRANSITIVE -PASSIVE-PAST
`The squid tore itself, which affected me.'
Example #14:
(43) John-ga Mary-ni [XP koohosya-ni] nar-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-BY candidate become-PASSIVE-PAST
`Mary became a candidate.'
Example #15:
(44) a. [XP [CLS Mary-ga rikkooho-suru] koto-ni] nat-ta.
M.-NOM run for election that become-PAST
`Lit.: It became [i.e., turned out] that Mary would run for election.'
Example #16:
b. * John-wa [XP [CLS Mary-ga rikkooho-suru] koto-ni] nar-are-ta.
J.-NOM M.-NOM run for election that become-PASS-PAST
`Lit.: *John was become that Mary would run for election.'
Example #17:
(45) a. minna-ga [XP [CLS Mary-ga rikkooho-suru] koto-ni] gooisi-ta.
they-NOM M.-NOM run for election that agree- PAST
`Everyone agreed to let Mary run for election.'
Example #18:
goois-are-ta.
agree-PASS-PAST
`Lit.: *John was agreed by everyone to let Mary run for election.'
Example #19:
(46) a. kaigi-de [XP [CLS Mary-ga rikkooho-suru] koto-ni] kimar-ta.
meeting-AT M.-NOM run for election that BE DECIDED- PAST
`It was decided in the meeting that Mary run for election.'
Example #20:
kimar-are-ta.
BE DECIDED-PASS-PAST
`Lit.: *John was decidedINTRANS that Mary run for election.'
Example #21:
(52) a. kanzya-ga rooka-de kizetusi-te i-ru.
patient-NOM corridor-LOC faint-ING be-PRES
`The patient lies unconscious in the corridor.'
Example #22:
b. kanzya-ni rooka-de kizetusi-te i-rare-te-wa meiwaku-da.
patient-BY corridor-LOC faint-ING be-PASSIVE-ING-TOP nuisance-is
Lit.: `Being lain unconscious by the patient in the corridor is a
Example #23:
(53) a. kanzya-ga rooka-ni i-ru.
patient-NOM corridor-LOC be-PRES
`The patient is in the corridor.'
Example #24:
b. kanzya-ni rooka-ni i-rare-te-wa meiwaku-da.
patient-BY corridor-LOC be-PASSIVE-ING-TOP nuisance-is
Lit.: `Being been in the corridor by the patient is a nuisance.'