The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Peter Günther Öhl (2003). Economical Computation of Structural Descriptions in Natural Language.
URL: http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2003/1419/pdf/DissertationOehl.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3628&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(32) a) John wa sono neko o pettosyopu de kat ta
John TOP this cat ACC petshop LOC buy PST
'John bought this cat in the petshop.'
Example #2:
b) John ga sono neko o pettosyopu de wa kat ta.
John NOM this cat ACC petshop LOC TOP buy PST
' John bought this cat in a PETSHOP (FOC).'
Example #3:
(i) watasi wa John ga nani o benkyosi-teiru no ka to omou
I - TOP - J. - NOM - what - ACC - studyIPF - CMP - Q - SPEECH - think
"I am wondering, what John studied ".
Example #4:
(168) a) John wa [PP [CP [Mary ga gengogaku o benk yousuru] no ] ni ] kizuite-inai.
J. TOP M. NOM Lx ACC studies CMP DAT notice - NEG
"That Mary studies linguistics does not get a notice from John".
Example #5:
b) [PP[CP [kare ga gengogaku o benk you-suru] koto ] ni ] wa nanno mondai mo nai
NEG
" There is no problem in the fact that he studies linguistics"
Example #6:
(169) a) Mary wa John ga koohii o nomu no o mi-ta
Mary - TOP - John - NOM - coffee - ACC - drinks - CMP - ACC - seePST
"Mary saw that John drank coffee".
Example #7:
(170) a) W atashi wa kare ga benk yo shi-ta koto o shira-nakat-ta.
I - TOP - he - NOM - study - doPST - CMP - ACC - know-NEG-PST
(?) "I did not know the fact that he studies."
Example #8:
yakusoku shi-ta.
doPRS - CMP - ACC - promise - doPST
(?) "I promised to m y students the fact that I will correct the exams soon".
Example #9:
c) watasi wa anata ga gengogaku o benk yosi-nai koto o youk yusu-ru
I TOP - you - NOM - linguistics - ACC - studyNeg - CMP - ACC - demand
(?) 'I demand the fact that you don't study linguistics.'
Example #10:
b) Ken wa [yama ga moe-teiru ] no/*koto o mi-ta
Ken - NOM - mountain - NOM - burnPRG - CMP - ACC - saw
"Ken saw that the mountain is in fire."
Example #11:
(173) [Ken wa doitu ni it-ta] koto/*no ga aru
Ken TOP Germany LOC went CMP NOM exist
Lit.: "That Ken has been to Germany is real."
Example #12:
(174) a) Hanako ga piano o kiku no o kiita.
H. NOM piano ACC play CMP ACC heared
'I heard Hanako play the piano'.
Example #13:
b) Hanako ga piano o kiku koto o kiita.
H. NOM piano ACC play CMP ACC heared
'I heard that Hanako played the piano'.
Example #14:
to kakushin shi-ta.
bePRS - CMP - conviction doPST
'Skinner was convinced language acquisition was mere conditioning.'
Example #15:
c) watasi wa sono syonen ga gengogaku o benk yo-siteiru to it-ta
I -TOP - this - boy - NOM - linguistics - ACC - studyIPF- CMP - sayPST
'I said this boy was studying linguistics.'
Example #16:
(183) W atashitachi-ga onaji k youmi o mot-tei-ru koto ga watashi nitotte ureshii koto da.
- thing - bePRS
"I am glad that we have the same interest".
Example #17:
(184) [kare ga gengogaku o benkyousuru ] koto ga nanno mondai nimo nara-nai
become-NEG
That he studies linguistics does not do any harm.
Example #18:
(185) [Mary ga gengogaku o benkyousiteiru] no ga odoroki-da (surprise+copula).
Mary - NOM - Linguistics ACC study CMP NOM surprise is
"It is surprising that Mary studies linguistics."
Example #19:
(186) a) John wa sono neko o pettosyopu de kat ta
John TOP this cat ACC petshop LOC buy PST
"John bought this cat in the petshop".
Example #20:
b) sono neko wa John ga pettosyopu de kat ta.
this cat TOP John NOM petshop LOC buy PST
" This cat, John bought in the petshop".
Example #21:
c) pettos yopu de wa John ga neko o kat ta.
petshop LOC TOP John NOM a cat ACC buy PST
" In the petshop John bought a cat ".
Example #22:
(187) watasi wa [ [S sono syonen ga gengogaku o benk yo-siteiru ] to ] it-ta
I -TOP - this - boy - NOM - linguistics - ACC - studyIPF- FOC - sayPST
'I said this boy studied linguistics.'
Example #23:
hana o s yottu motteki-ta] no ka] to ] omo-u
flower - ACC not-at-least-sts - bringPST - CMP Q - CMP - wonderPRS
"Mary wonders why John not at least sometimes brings her flowers for
Example #24:
(269) a) gengogaku o benk you si-ro
linguistics ACC study doSJT-IMP
'Study linguistics!'
Example #25:
b) gengogaku o benk yu suru-na
linguistics ACC study do-NEG
'Don't you study linguistics!'
Example #26:
c) sokoni ire-reba na
there - stayPRV - EXC
'If only I stayed there!'