The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
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be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
SHIGERU MIYAGAWA and MARIA BABYONYSHEV (2004). The EPP, Unaccusativity, and the Resultative Constructions in Japanese.
URL: http://web.mit.edu/miyagawa/www/pdfs/EPP_Unaccusative_Result.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3718&langcode=jpn (2018-04-25).
Example #1:
(2) a. Taroo-ga mado-o aketa. Taro-Nom window-Acc open-Past `Taro opened the window'Example #2:
b. Mado-ga akete aru. window-Nom open is `The window has been opened'Example #3:
(i) Heya-ni terebi-ga aru. room-in TV-Nom is `There is a TV in the room.'Example #4:
(ii) Taroo-ni (wa) musume-ga aru. Taro-Dat (Top) daughter-Nom is `Taro has a daughter.'Example #5:
(3) Taroo-ga mado-o akete aru. Taro-Nom window-Acc open is `Taro has opened the window.'Example #6:
(4) a. Kusuri-ga sukosi nonde aru. medicine-Nom a bit take is `The medicine has been taken'Example #7:
b. Hanako-wa sono kusuri-o nonde aru. Hanako-Top that medicine-Acc take is `Hanako has taken that medicine'Example #8:
(6) a. Kurumai-ga [VP doroboo-ni ti ni-dai nusum-are ]-ta carsi-Nom [VP thief-by ti 2-CL steal-passive ]-PAST `Two cars were stolen by a thief'Example #9:
b. *Gakusei-ga [VP hon-o san-nin kat] -ta students-Nom [VP book-acc 3-CL buy] -PAST `Three students bought a book'Example #10:
(7) Honi- ga tukue-no-ue-ni ti san-satu oite aru. books-Nom desk-Gen-top-on t 3-CL place is `Three books have been placed on the desk'Example #11:
(8) Hanako-ga tukue-no-ue-ni hon-o san-satu oite aru. Hanako-Nom desk-Gen-top-on book-Acc 3-CL place is `Hanako has placed three books on the desk'Example #12:
(9) a. [VP kuruma-o uri-] sae car-acc sell -even `even sell a car'Example #13:
b. * [TP Taroo-ga konpyuutaa-o naosita ] -sae Taro-Nom computer-Acc repaired -even `Even Taro repaired the computer'Example #14:
c. Taro-ga [VP Hanako-ni hon-o age] -sae sita. Taro-nom [VP Hanako-Dat book-Acc give] -even did *`Even Taro gave Hanako a book'Example #15:
(10) a. Honi-ga [ tukue-no-ue-ni ti oite ] -sae aru. booki-Nom [ desk-Gen-top-on ti place ] -even is `Even books are placed on the desk'Example #16:
b. Taroo-ga honi-o [tukue-no-ue-ni ti oite ]-sae aru. Taroo-Nom booki-Acc [desk-Gen-top-on ti place ] -even is `Taro even put books on the desk'Example #17:
(12) a. John-wa baabon-dake-o nom-e-ru. John-Top bourbon-only-Acc drink-pot(ential)-pres *only>can `It is only bourbon that John can drink'Example #18:
b. John-wa baabon-dake-ga nom-e-ru. John-Top bourbon-only-Nom drink-pot-pres only > can `It is only bourbon that John can drink'Example #19:
(13) Baabon-dake-o nonde aru. bourbon-only-Acc drink is `It is only bourbon (straight bourbon) that has been drunk.'Example #20:
(14) Baabon-dake-ga nonde aru bourbon-only-Nom drink is `It is only drinking bourbon that has occurred.'Example #21:
(16) idiom: sigoto-o sewasuru work-Acc take:care `introduce (someone) to a job'Example #22:
a. Kare-ni sigoto-ga sewas-are-ta. (passive) he-to work-Acc take:care-Pass-Past `A job was introduced to him.'Example #23:
b. Kare-ni(-wa) (mou) sigoto-ga sewasite aru. he-to(-Top) (already) work-Nom take:care is `A job has (already) been introduced to him.'Example #24:
(17) idiom: mendoo-o miru care-Acc see `to take care of somebody'Example #25:
a. *Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-ga mi-rare-ta. (passive) he-Gen child-Gen care-Nom see `His child has been taken care of.'Example #26:
b. *Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-ga mite aru. he-Gen child-Gen care-Nom see is `His child has been taken care of.'Example #27:
c. ?Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-o mite aru. he-Gen child-Gen care-Acc see is `His child has been taken care of.'Example #28:
(18) a. Hanakoi-ga zibuni-no hon-o yonda. Hanakoi-Nom selfi-Gen book-Acc read `Hanako read self's book.'Example #29:
b. Tarooi-ga zibuni-no sensei-ni sikar-are-ta. Taroi-Nom selfi-Gen teacher-by scold-Pass-Past `Taro was scolded by self's teacher.'Example #30:
(19) *Hanakoi-ga zibuni-no sensei-ni ti syookaisite aru. Hanakoi-Nom selfi-Gen teacher-Dat ti introduce is `Hanako has been introduced to self's teacher'Example #31:
(20) Tarooi-ga Hanakoi-ga zibuni/*j-no kuruma-de okur-are-ru. Taro-Nom Hanako-Nom self-Gen car-by take-can-Present `Taro was able to take Hanako by his/*her own car.'Example #32:
(i) (?) Tabuchii-ga zibuni-no negai doori-ni daida-ni totte aru koto. Tabuchi-Nom self-Gen wish in-the-way pinch-hitter take is thing `the fact that someone is in the state of keeping Tabuchii as a pinch-hitter, asExample #33:
(21) a. Boku-wa yado-o kinoo yoyakusi-te aru. I-Top room-Acc yesterday reserve is `I've reserved the room yesterday.'Example #34:
(3) a. Kusuri-ga sukosi nonde aru. medicine-Nom a bit take is `The medicine has been taken'