The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
SHIGERU MIYAGAWA and MARIA BABYONYSHEV (2004). The EPP, Unaccusativity, and the Resultative Constructions in Japanese.
URL: http://web.mit.edu/miyagawa/www/pdfs/EPP_Unaccusative_Result.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3718&langcode=jpn (2018-04-25).
Example #1:
(2) a. Taroo-ga mado-o aketa.
Taro-Nom window-Acc open-Past
`Taro opened the window'
Example #2:
b. Mado-ga akete aru.
window-Nom open is
`The window has been opened'
Example #3:
(i) Heya-ni terebi-ga aru.
room-in TV-Nom is
`There is a TV in the room.'
Example #4:
(ii) Taroo-ni (wa) musume-ga aru.
Taro-Dat (Top) daughter-Nom is
`Taro has a daughter.'
Example #5:
(3) Taroo-ga mado-o akete aru.
Taro-Nom window-Acc open is
`Taro has opened the window.'
Example #6:
(4) a. Kusuri-ga sukosi nonde aru.
medicine-Nom a bit take is
`The medicine has been taken'
Example #7:
b. Hanako-wa sono kusuri-o nonde aru.
Hanako-Top that medicine-Acc take is
`Hanako has taken that medicine'
Example #8:
(6) a. Kurumai-ga [VP doroboo-ni ti ni-dai nusum-are ]-ta
carsi-Nom [VP thief-by ti 2-CL steal-passive ]-PAST
`Two cars were stolen by a thief'
Example #9:
b. *Gakusei-ga [VP hon-o san-nin kat] -ta
students-Nom [VP book-acc 3-CL buy] -PAST
`Three students bought a book'
Example #10:
(7) Honi- ga tukue-no-ue-ni ti san-satu oite aru.
books-Nom desk-Gen-top-on t 3-CL place is
`Three books have been placed on the desk'
Example #11:
(8) Hanako-ga tukue-no-ue-ni hon-o san-satu oite aru.
Hanako-Nom desk-Gen-top-on book-Acc 3-CL place is
`Hanako has placed three books on the desk'
Example #12:
(9) a. [VP kuruma-o uri-] sae
car-acc sell -even
`even sell a car'
Example #13:
b. * [TP Taroo-ga konpyuutaa-o naosita ] -sae
Taro-Nom computer-Acc repaired -even
`Even Taro repaired the computer'
Example #14:
c. Taro-ga [VP Hanako-ni hon-o age] -sae sita.
Taro-nom [VP Hanako-Dat book-Acc give] -even did
*`Even Taro gave Hanako a book'
Example #15:
(10) a. Honi-ga [ tukue-no-ue-ni ti oite ] -sae aru.
booki-Nom [ desk-Gen-top-on ti place ] -even is
`Even books are placed on the desk'
Example #16:
b. Taroo-ga honi-o [tukue-no-ue-ni ti oite ]-sae aru.
Taroo-Nom booki-Acc [desk-Gen-top-on ti place ] -even is
`Taro even put books on the desk'
Example #17:
(12) a. John-wa baabon-dake-o nom-e-ru.
John-Top bourbon-only-Acc drink-pot(ential)-pres
*only>can `It is only bourbon that John can drink'
Example #18:
b. John-wa baabon-dake-ga nom-e-ru.
John-Top bourbon-only-Nom drink-pot-pres
only > can `It is only bourbon that John can drink'
Example #19:
(13) Baabon-dake-o nonde aru.
bourbon-only-Acc drink is
`It is only bourbon (straight bourbon) that has been drunk.'
Example #20:
(14) Baabon-dake-ga nonde aru
bourbon-only-Nom drink is
`It is only drinking bourbon that has occurred.'
Example #21:
(16) idiom: sigoto-o sewasuru
work-Acc take:care
`introduce (someone) to a job'
Example #22:
a. Kare-ni sigoto-ga sewas-are-ta. (passive)
he-to work-Acc take:care-Pass-Past
`A job was introduced to him.'
Example #23:
b. Kare-ni(-wa) (mou) sigoto-ga sewasite aru.
he-to(-Top) (already) work-Nom take:care is
`A job has (already) been introduced to him.'
Example #24:
(17) idiom: mendoo-o miru
care-Acc see
`to take care of somebody'
Example #25:
a. *Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-ga mi-rare-ta. (passive)
he-Gen child-Gen care-Nom see
`His child has been taken care of.'
Example #26:
b. *Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-ga mite aru.
he-Gen child-Gen care-Nom see is
`His child has been taken care of.'
Example #27:
c. ?Kare-no kodomo-no mendoo-o mite aru.
he-Gen child-Gen care-Acc see is
`His child has been taken care of.'
Example #28:
(18) a. Hanakoi-ga zibuni-no hon-o yonda.
Hanakoi-Nom selfi-Gen book-Acc read
`Hanako read self's book.'
Example #29:
b. Tarooi-ga zibuni-no sensei-ni sikar-are-ta.
Taroi-Nom selfi-Gen teacher-by scold-Pass-Past
`Taro was scolded by self's teacher.'
Example #30:
(19) *Hanakoi-ga zibuni-no sensei-ni ti syookaisite aru.
Hanakoi-Nom selfi-Gen teacher-Dat ti introduce is
`Hanako has been introduced to self's teacher'
Example #31:
(20) Tarooi-ga Hanakoi-ga zibuni/*j-no kuruma-de okur-are-ru.
Taro-Nom Hanako-Nom self-Gen car-by take-can-Present
`Taro was able to take Hanako by his/*her own car.'
Example #32:
(i) (?) Tabuchii-ga zibuni-no negai doori-ni daida-ni totte aru koto.
Tabuchi-Nom self-Gen wish in-the-way pinch-hitter take is thing
`the fact that someone is in the state of keeping Tabuchii as a pinch-hitter, as
Example #33:
(21) a. Boku-wa yado-o kinoo yoyakusi-te aru.
I-Top room-Acc yesterday reserve is
`I've reserved the room yesterday.'
Example #34:
(3) a. Kusuri-ga sukosi nonde aru.
medicine-Nom a bit take is
`The medicine has been taken'