The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Sang Doh Park and John Whitman (2003). Direct Movement Passives in Korean and Japanese.
URL: http://ling.cornell.edu/people/Whitman/SDPJBW2005JKPassive.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3759&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
a. Siroi booru ga Oo ni yotte takadaka to utiage-rare-ta. (J)
white ball NOM Oh by high hit.up-PASS-PAST
`A white ball was hit high in the air by Oh.' (Kuroda 1979: 309)
Example #2:
a. Tyuui ga John ni yotte haraw-rare-ta. (J)
attention NOM John by pay-PASS-PAST
`Attention was paid by John.' (Hoshi 1999: 198)
Example #3:
a. Nanika ga iinkai ni yotte dono ie ni mo okur-are-ta. (J)
something NOM committee by every house to send-PASS-PAST
`Something was sent by the committee to every house.'
Example #4:
(5) a. *Tyuui ga John ni haraw-rare-ta. (J)
attention NOM John DAT pay-PASS-PAST
`Attention was paid by John.' (Hoshi 1999: 198)
Example #5:
(6) a. Dareka ga Hanako ni daremo ni syookais-are-ta. (J)
someone NOM Hanako DAT everyone DAT introduce-PASS-PAST
`Someone was introduced to everyone by Hanako.'
Example #6:
b. John ga daitooryoo ni yotte iyaiya Iraq e oku-rare-ta. (J)
John NOM president by unwillingly Iraq to send-pass-past
John was unwilling to be sent to Iraq by the president.'
Example #7:
okur-are-ta.
present-PASS-PAST
`He was presented a certificate of appreciation by the governor.'
Example #8:
b. Kodomo ga hahaoya *kara/ni yotte kuruma ni nose-rare-ru. (J)
child NOM mother from/by car in put-PASS-PAST
`The child is put in the car by the mother.'
Example #9:
(12) a. Tanaka ga zaidan ni yotte Nooberu syoo o atae-rare-ta.
Taroo NOM foundation by Nobel prize ACC award-PASS-PAST
`Tanaka was awarded the Nobel prize by the foundation.'
Example #10:
b. Nooberu syoo ga zaidan ni yotte Tanaka ni atae-rare-ta.
Nobel prize NOM foundation by Tanaka DAT award-PASS-PAST
`The Nobel prize was awarded to Tanaka by the foundation.'
Example #11:
(16) Emi wa tomodati ni san-nin bara no hanataba o ageta. (J)
Emi TOP friend DAT 3-CLASS rose GEN bouquet ACC gave
`Emi gave a bouquet of roses to three of her friends.'
Example #12:
(18) [Emi ga bara no hanataba o ageta no wa] Mika (*ni) da.
Emi NOM rose GEN bouquet ACC gave COMP TOP Mika DAT is
`It is to Mika that Emi gave a bouquet of roses.'
Example #13:
(20) a. Hokuto wa sukina onnanoko ni huta-ri hanataba o okutta.
Hokuto TOP favorite girl DAT 2-CLASS bouquet ACC sent
`Hokuto sent a bouquet to two of his favorite young women.'
Example #14:
b. *Hokuto wa gaikoku ni huta-tu hanataba o okutta.
Hokuto TOP foreign country DAT 2-CLASS bouquet ACC sent
`Hokuto sent a bouquet to two foreign countries.'
Example #15:
(22) a. Sityoo ga gakusei ni san-nin kansyazyoo o okutta.
mayor NOM student DAT 3-CLASS thank letter ACC sent
`The mayor sent a letter of thanks to three students.'
Example #16:
okur-are-ta.
send-PASS-PAST
`The mayor sent a letter of thanks to three students.'
Example #17:
atae-ta.
award-PAST
`The foundation awarded the Nobel prize to two Japanese.'
Example #18:
huta-ri atae-rare-ta.
2-CLASS award-PASS-PAST
`The Nobel prize was awarded by the foundation to two Japanese.'
Example #19:
todok-ana-katta.
arrive-not-PAST
arrive.'
Example #20:
okur-are-ta kedo, todok-ana-katta.
send-PASS-PAST but arrive-not-PAST
it didn't arrive.'
Example #21:
okur-are-ta kedo, todok-ana-katta.
send-PASS-PAST but arrive-not-PAST
didn't arrive.'