The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Mieko Ueno (2003). Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Processing of Japanese Wh-Questions.
URL: http://www.psych.uiuc.edu/~ueno/UenoDiss.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3898&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
Calvin-ga pizza-o mottekita-ndesu-ka.
Calvin-NOM(inative) pizza-ACC(usative) brought-POLITE-Q(uestion)
`Did Calvin bring pizza?'
Example #2:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka.
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #3:
a. pizza-o Calvin-ga ___ mottekita-ndesu-ka.
pizza-ACC Calvin-NOM brought-POLITE-Q
`Did Calvin bring pizza?'
Example #4:
b. nani-o Calvin-ga ___ mottekita-ndesu-ka.
what-ACCUSATIVE Calvin-NOM brought-POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #5:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ka] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-Q said-POLITE-Q
`Did Hobbes say what Calvin brought?'
Example #6:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-to] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-that said-POLITE-Q
`What did Hobbes say Calvin brought?'
Example #7:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-to] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-that said-POLITE-Q
`What did Hobbes say Calvin brought?'
Example #8:
Calvin-ga pizza-o mottekita.
Calvin-NOM(INATIVE) pizza-ACC(USATIVE) brought
`Calvin brought pizza'
Example #9:
Pizza-o Calvin-ga mottekita.
pizza-ACC Calvin-NOM brought
`Calvin brought pizza'
Example #10:
sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto nani-o mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally what-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #11:
sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto sore-o mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally that-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, did that reckless adventurer finally discover
Example #12:
nani-o sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto __ mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
what-ACC the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #13:
sore-o sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto __ mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
that-ACC the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, did that reckless adventurer finally discover
Example #14:
sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni sore-o uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively that-ACC force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #15:
sore-o sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni __ uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
that-ACC the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #16:
sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni __ uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #17:
[sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto nani-o mitsuketa-ndesu] ka].
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally what-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #18:
Calvin-ga pizza-o mottekita-ndesu-ka.
Calvin-NOM(INATIVE) pizza-ACC(USATIVE) brought-POLITE-Q(UESTION)
`Did Calvin bring pizza?'
Example #19:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka.
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #20:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ka] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-Q said-POLITE-Q
`Did Hobbes say what Calvin brought?'
Example #21:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-to] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-that said-POLITE-Q
`What did Hobbes say Calvin brought?'
Example #22:
[Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-to] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought-that said-POLITE-Q
`What did Hobbes say Calvin brought?'
Example #23:
[Hobbes-wa [nani-o Calvin-ga ___ mottekita-ka] itta-ndesu-ka]?
Hobbes-TOPIC what-ACC Calvin-NOM brought-Q said-POLITE-Q
`[Did Hobbes say [what Calvin brought __ ]]?'
Example #24:
[nani-o Hobbes-wa [Calvin-ga ___ mottekita-to] itta-ndesu-ka]?
what-ACC Hobbes-TOPIC Calvin-NOM brought-that said-POLITE-Q
`[What did Hobbes say [Calvin brought __ ]]?'
Example #25:
[Senmu-ga donna-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-ka] kakaricho-ga __ kiita-no?
director-N what.kind.of-computer-A is-using Q supervisor-N asked-Q
`Did the supervisor ask what kind of computer the director is using?'
Example #26:
[Senmu-ga donna-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-to] kakaricho-ga __ itta-no?
director-N what.kind.of-computer-A is-using that supervisor-N said-Q
`What kind of computer did the supervisor say the director is using?'
Example #27:
Dono-seito-ni tannin-wa [kocho-ga hon-o yonda-ka] toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni iimashita.
which-student-D teacher-T principal-N book-A read-Q library-at librarian-D said
read a book'
Example #28:
Dono-seito-ni tannin-wa [kocho-ga hon-o yonda-to] toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni iimashita-ka.
which-student-D teacher-T principal-N book-A read-that library-at librarian-D said-Q
principal read a book?'
Example #29:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought- POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #30:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought- POLITE-Q
'What did Calvin bring?'
Example #31:
sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto nani-o mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally what-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #32:
sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto sore-o mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally that-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, did that reckless adventurer finally discover
Example #33:
nani-o sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto __ mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
what-ACC the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #34:
sore-o sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto __ mitsuketa-ndesu-ka.
that-ACC the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, did that reckless adventurer finally discover
Example #35:
sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni sore-o uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively that-ACC force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #36:
sore-o sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni __ uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
that-ACC the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #37:
sono hitorigurashi-no rojo-ni goinni __ uritsuketa-ndesu-ka.
the single-living old-woman-DAT aggressively force-sold- POL- Q
`Did the door-to-door salesman aggressively push that (product) on the lonely ol
Example #38:
[sono inochishirazuno bokenka-ga toto nani-o mitsuketa-ndesu] ka].
the/that reckless adventurer-NOM finally what-ACC discovered- POL- Q
`According to the local newspaper, what did that reckless adventurer finally dis
Example #39:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought- POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #40:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka
Calvin-NOM what-ACC brought- POLITE-Q
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #41:
Calvin-ga nani-o mottekita-ndesu-ka
Calvin-NOM(INATIVE) what-ACC(USATIVE) brought- POLITE-Q(UESTION)
`What did Calvin bring?'
Example #42:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'
Example #43:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`What kind of computer did the accounting manager say the director bought?'
Example #44:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka?
director-N new PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask if the director bought a new computer?'
Example #45:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka?
director-N new PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager say the director bought a new computer?'
Example #46:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'
Example #47:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`What kind of computer did the accounting manger say the director bought?'
Example #48:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka.
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'
Example #49:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka.
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`What kind of computer did the accounting manager say the director bought?'
Example #50:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka.
director-N new PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask if the director bought a new computer?'
Example #51:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka.
director-N new PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager say the director bought a new computer?'
Example #52:
bijutsukan-no kancho-ga shisanka-ga tasu-no kaiga-o kifushita-to nobe-mashi-ta.
museum-of director-N millionaire-N many-of picture-A donated-that state-POL-PAST
`The director of the museum said that the millionaire donated many pictures'
Example #53:
hanaya-no tenin-ga onen-no daijoyu-ni hanataba-o todoke-mashi-ta.
flower.shop-of clerk-N past.year-of big.actress-D bouquet-A deliver-POL-PAST
`The clerk of the flower shop delivered a bouquet to the former movie star actre
Example #54:
beteran-no hodouin-wa seifuku-no shojo-o hogosha-ni watashi-mashi-ta-ka.
veteran-of school.counselor-T school.uniform-of girl-A guardian-D hand-POL-PAST-Q
`Did the veteran school counselor hand over a girl in her school uniform to her
Example #55:
zeitakuna shachou.fujin-wa nan-chaku-no doresu-o kokyuten-ni chumonshi-mashi-ta-ka.
high-end president.wife-T what-piece-of dress-A boutique-D order-POL-PAST-Q
`How many dresses did the high-end wife of the president place an order of to th
Example #56:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'
Example #57:
Dono-seito-ni tannin-wa [kocho-ga hon-o yonda-ka] toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni iimashita
which-student-D teacher-T principal-N book-A read-Q library-at librarian-D said
read a book'
Example #58:
Dono-seito-ni tannin-wa [kocho-ga hon-o yonda-to] toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni iimashita-ka.
which-student-D teacher-T principal-N book-A read-that library-at librarian-D said-Q
principal read a book?'
Example #59:
Dono-seito-ga tannin-ni [kocho-ga toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni hon-o yonda-to] iimashita-ka
which-student-N teacher-T principal-N library-at librarian-at book-A read-that said-Q
library?'
Example #60:
Dono-seito-ni tannin-wa [kocho-ga toshoshitsu-de shisho-ni hon-o yonda-to] iimashita-ka
which-student-D teacher-T principal-N library-at librarian-at book-A read-that told-Q
librarian at the library?'
Example #61:
[Senmu-ga donna-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-ka] kakaricho-ga __ kiita-no.
director-N what.kind.of-computer-A is-using Q supervisor-N asked-Q
`Did the supervisor ask what kind of computer the director is using?'
Example #62:
[Senmu-ga donna-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-to] kakaricho-ga __ itta-no.
director-N what.kind.of-computer-A is-using that supervisor-N said-Q
`What kind of computer did the supervisor say the director is using?'
Example #63:
[Senmu-ga atarashii-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-ka] kakaricho-ga __ kiita.
director-N new-computer-A is-using Q supervisor-N asked
`The supervisor asked whether the director is using the new computer'
Example #64:
[Senmu-ga atarashii-pasokon-o tsukatteiru-to] kakaricho-ga __ itta.
director-N new-computer-A is-using that supervisor-N said
`The supervisor said that the director is using the new computer'
Example #65:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka.
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'
Example #66:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka.
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`What kind of computer did the accounting manager say the director bought?'
Example #67:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka.
director-N new PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask if the director bought a new computer?'
Example #68:
[senmu-ga atarashii pasokon-o katta-to] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__iimashita-ka.
director-N new PC-A bought-that accounting-of manager-N said.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager say the director bought a new computer?'
Example #69:
bijutsukan-no kancho-ga shisanka-ga tasu-no kaiga-o kifushita-to nobe-mashi-ta.
museum-of director-N millionaire-N many-of picture-A donated-that state-POL-PAST
`The director of the museum said that the millionaire donated many pictures'
Example #70:
hanaya-no tenin-ga onen-no daijoyu-ni hanataba-o todoke-mashi-ta.
flower.shop-of clerk-N past.year-of big.actress-D bouquet-A deliver-POL-PAST
`The clerk of the flower shop delivered a former star actress a bouquet'
Example #71:
beteran-no hodouin-wa seifuku-no shojo-o hogosha-ni watashi-mashi-ta-ka.
veteran-of school.counselor-T school.uniform-of girl-A guardian-D hand-POL-PAST-Q
`Did the veteran school counselor hand a girl in her school uniform to her guard
Example #72:
zeitakuna shachou.fujin-wa nan-chaku-no doresu-o kokyuten-ni chumonshi-mashi-ta-ka.
luxury president.wife-T what-piece-of dress-A boutique-D order-POL-PAST-Q
`How many dresses did the luxury wife of the president place an order of to the
Example #73:
[senmu-ga donna pasokon-o katta-ka] keiri-no kakaricho-ga__kikimashita-ka?
director-N what.kind.of PC-A bought-Q accounting-of manager-N asked.POL-Q
`Did the accounting manager ask what kind of computer the director bought?'