The following interlinear glossed text data was extracted from a document found on the
World Wide Web via a semi-automated process. The data presented here could contain
corruption (degraded or missing characters), so the source document (link below) should
be consulted to ensure accuracy.
If you use any of the data shown here for research purposes,
be sure to cite ODIN and the source document. Please use the following citation record or variant thereof:
Ivan A. Sag and Thomas Wasow (1999). Syntactic Theory.
URL: http://www.cs.um.edu.mt/~mros/ftp/download/sw99.pdf
(Last accessed 2009-07-23).
ODIN: http://odin.linguistlist.org/igt_raw.php?id= 3998&langcode=jpn (2021-09-30).
Example #1:
(i) Taroo-ga hon-o yonda
Taro o-n book-a read-past
`Taro o read the bo ok'
Example #2:
(ii) Taroo-ga yonda.
Taro o-n read-past
`Taro o read it/them'
Example #3:
(iii) Hon-o yonda.
book-a read-past
`He/she/they read the bo ok'
Example #4:
(iv) Yonda.
read-past
`He/she/they read it/them
Example #5:
(v) Hanako-ga zibun-o tatai-ta.
Hanako-n pro-self-a hit-pst
`Hanakoi hit herselfi /*himj /*herj /*themj '
Example #6:
(vi) Taroo-ga tatai-ta.
Taro o-nom hit-pst
`Taro oi hit *himselfi /himj /herj /themj '
Example #7:
(vii) Taroo-ga Hanako-ga zibun-o tatai-ta koto-o hookokusi-ta.
Taro o-n Hanako-n pro-self-a hit-pst that-a tell-pst
herselfj /himi /*themk /*himk /*herk '
Example #8:
(viii) Taroo-ga Hanako-ga tatai-ta koto-o hookokusi-ta.
Taro o-n Hanako-n hit-pst that-a tell-pst
`Taro oi said that Hanakoj hit *herselfj /himi,k /herk /themk '
Example #9:
(i) hitorino otoko-ga sono hon-o yonda
one man-nom that bo ok-acc read-past
`One man read that book'
Example #10:
(vii) yonda
read-past
`He/she/it/they read it/them'